--- title: Proverbs 30:4 — Who hath ascended up into heaven, and descended? Who hath gathered t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Who hath ascended up into heaven, and descended? Who hath gathered the wind in his fists? Who hath bound the waters in his garment? Who hath established all the ends of the earth? What is his name, and what is his son's name, if thou knowest? Who acts: name, thou. Proverbs 30:4 in Hebrew with its de --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.30.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Proverbs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO/) / [chapter 30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO/30/) / 30:4 # Proverbs 30:4 מִשְׁלֵי **Who acts:** name, thou · **What happens:** ascend up, descend, gather, bind, establish, be · **To what, where:** heaven, wind, fists, waters, ends, name This is Proverbs 30:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — name, thou — and what happens in the verse to heaven, wind, fists, waters, ends, name, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of Proverbs on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מִ֤י עָלָֽה־שָׁמַ֨יִם ׀ וַיֵּרַ֡ד מִ֤י אָֽסַף־ר֨וּחַ ׀ בְּחָפְנָ֡יו מִ֤י צָֽרַר־מַ֨יִם ׀ בַּשִּׂמְלָ֗ה מִ֭י הֵקִ֣ים כָּל־אַפְסֵי־אָ֑רֶץ מַה־שְּׁמ֥וֹ וּמַֽה־שֶּׁם־בְּ֝נ֗וֹ כִּ֣י תֵדָֽע׃ [Who hath ascended up into heaven, and descended?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.864/) [Who hath gathered the wind in his fists?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.865/) [Who hath bound the waters in his garment?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.866/) [Who hath established all the ends of the earth?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.867/) [What is his name, and what is his son's name, if thou knowest?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.868/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:PRO:854 # text = מִ֤י עָלָֽה־שָׁמַ֨יִם ׀ וַיֵּרַ֡ד מִ֤י אָֽסַף־ר֨וּחַ ׀ בְּחָפְנָ֡יו מִ֤י צָֽרַר־מַ֨יִם ׀ בַּשִּׂמְלָ֗ה מִ֭י הֵקִ֣ים כָּל־אַפְסֵי־אָ֑רֶץ מַה־שְּׁמ֥וֹ וּמַֽה־שֶּׁם־בְּ֝נ֗וֹ כִּ֣י תֵדָֽע׃ # verse = PRO.30.4 1 מִ֤י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 2 nsubj _ Gloss=who?|Ref=PRO_30:4!1|MId=o200300040011|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 2 עָלָֽה־ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=has.he.gone.up|Ref=PRO_30:4!2|MId=o200300040021|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:200300040011;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 3 שָׁמַ֨יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=heaven|Ref=PRO_30:4!3|MId=o200300040031|Strong=8064 4 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 3 punct _ Ref=PRO_30:4!3 5-6 וַיֵּרַ֡ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PRO_30:4!4|MId=o200300040041|Strong=2050b 6 יֵּרַ֡ד יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=has.he.come.down?|Ref=PRO_30:4!4|MId=o200300040042|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:200300040011;|Type=wayyiqtol 7 מִ֤י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 8 nsubj _ Gloss=who?|Ref=PRO_30:4!5|MId=o200300040051|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 8 אָֽסַף־ אָסַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=has.he.gathered|Ref=PRO_30:4!6|MId=o200300040061|Strong=0622|Frame=A0:200300040051;A1:200300040071;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 9 ר֨וּחַ רוּחַ NOUN _ Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=[the].wind|Ref=PRO_30:4!7|MId=o200300040071|Strong=7307 10 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 9 punct _ Ref=PRO_30:4!7 11-13 בְּחָפְנָ֡יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=PRO_30:4!8|MId=o200300040081|Strong=0871a 12 חָפְנָ֡י חֹפֶן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 8 obl _ Gloss=the.hollow|Ref=PRO_30:4!8|MId=o200300040082|Strong=2651 13 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=of.his.hands|Ref=PRO_30:4!8|MId=o200300040083|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 14 מִ֤י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 15 nsubj _ Gloss=who?|Ref=PRO_30:4!9|MId=o200300040091|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 15 צָֽרַר־ צָרַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=has.he.wrapped|Ref=PRO_30:4!10|MId=o200300040101|Strong=6887|Frame=A0:200300040091;A1:200300040111;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 16 מַ֨יִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 obj _ Gloss=[the].waters|Ref=PRO_30:4!11|MId=o200300040111|Strong=4325 17 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 16 punct _ Ref=PRO_30:4!11 18-20 בַּשִּׂמְלָ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=PRO_30:4!12|MId=o200300040121|Strong=0871a 19 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=PRO_30:4!12|MId=o200300040121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 שִּׂמְלָ֗ה שִׂמְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=cloak|Ref=PRO_30:4!12|MId=o200300040122|Strong=8071 21 מִ֭י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 22 nsubj _ Gloss=who?|Ref=PRO_30:4!13|MId=o200300040131|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 22 הֵקִ֣ים קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=has.he.set.up|Ref=PRO_30:4!14|MId=o200300040141|Strong=6965|Frame=AA:200300040131;A0:200300040161;|Type=qatal 23 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=PRO_30:4!15|MId=o200300040151|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 24 אַפְסֵי־ אֶפֶס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[the].ends|Ref=PRO_30:4!16|MId=o200300040161|Strong=0657|SpaceAfter=No 25 אָ֑רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].earth|Ref=PRO_30:4!17|MId=o200300040171|Strong=0776 26 מַה־ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 2 parataxis _ Gloss=what?|Ref=PRO_30:4!18|MId=o200300040181|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 27-28 שְּׁמ֥וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 שְּׁמ שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ Gloss=name|Ref=PRO_30:4!19|MId=o200300040191|Strong=8034 28 ֥וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[is].his|Ref=PRO_30:4!19|MId=o200300040192|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 29-30 וּמַֽה־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PRO_30:4!20|MId=o200300040201|Strong=2050b 30 מַֽה־ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 26 conj _ Gloss=what?|Ref=PRO_30:4!20|MId=o200300040202|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 31 שֶּׁם־ שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ Gloss=[is].the.name|Ref=PRO_30:4!21|MId=o200300040211|Strong=8034|SpaceAfter=No 32-33 בְּ֝נ֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 בְּ֝נ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.son|Ref=PRO_30:4!22|MId=o200300040221|Strong=1121 33 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=PRO_30:4!22|MId=o200300040222|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 34 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 35 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=PRO_30:4!23|MId=o200300040231|Strong=3588 35 תֵדָֽע יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 advcl _ Gloss=you.know|Ref=PRO_30:4!24|MId=o200300040241|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:200270110021;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=PRO_30:4!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עָלָֽה־ *has he gone up* | qatal · qal | מִי *who?* | | | | | יֵּרַד *has he come down?* | wayyiqtol · qal | מִי *who?* | | | | | אָֽסַף־ *has he gathered* | qatal · qal | מִי *who?* | רוּחַ *\[the\] wind* | | | | צָֽרַר־ *has he wrapped* | qatal · qal | מִי *who?* | מַיִם *\[the\] waters* | | | | הֵקִים *has he set up* | qatal · hiphil | אַפְסֵי־ *\[the\] ends* | | | מִי *who?* | | תֵדָֽע *you know* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} מַן סְלֵק לִשְׁמַיָא וּנְחֵת מַן אֲחַד רוּחָא בְּחָפְנוֹי וּמַן צַר מַיָא בְּשׁוּשִׁיפָא וּמַן אֲקֵים בַּרְיָתָא דְאַרְעָא מַן שְׁמֵיהּ וּמַן שׁוּם בְּרֵיהּ אִין יְדַעְתָּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Who hath ascended up into heaven, and descended?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.864/) 2. [Who hath gathered the wind in his fists?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.865/) 3. [Who hath bound the waters in his garment?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.866/) 4. [Who hath established all the ends of the earth?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.867/) 5. [What is his name, and what is his son's name, if thou knowest?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.868/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:PRO:854`. - ← previous: [Proverbs 30:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.30.3/) - next →: [Proverbs 30:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.30.5/) - ↑ back to [Proverbs 30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO/30/)