--- title: Proverbs 31:4 — It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine: no… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine: nor for princes to say: 'Where is strong drink?' Who acts: womb, it. Proverbs 31:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.31.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Proverbs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO/31/) / 31:4 # Proverbs 31:4 מִשְׁלֵי **Who acts:** womb, it · **What happens:** not be, drink, say, be · **To what, where:** wine, strong drink · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Proverbs 31:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — womb, it — and what happens in the verse to wine, strong drink, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of Proverbs on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אַ֤ל לַֽמְלָכִ֨ים ׀ לְֽמוֹאֵ֗ל אַ֣ל לַֽמְלָכִ֣ים שְׁתוֹ־יָ֑יִן וּ֝לְרוֹזְנִ֗ים אֵ֣י שֵׁכָֽר׃ [It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine: nor for princes to say: 'Where is strong drink?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.901/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:PRO:887 # text = אַ֤ל לַֽמְלָכִ֨ים ׀ לְֽמוֹאֵ֗ל אַ֣ל לַֽמְלָכִ֣ים שְׁתוֹ־יָ֑יִן וּ֝לְרוֹזְנִ֗ים אֵ֣י שֵׁכָֽר׃ # verse = PRO.31.4 1 אַ֤ל אַל ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=not|Ref=PRO_31:4!1|MId=o200310040011|Strong=0408|Type=negative 2-4 לַֽמְלָכִ֨ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 לַֽ לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=[is].for|Ref=PRO_31:4!2|MId=o200310040021|Strong=3807a 3 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=PRO_31:4!2|MId=o200310040021ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מְלָכִ֨ים מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 obl _ Gloss=kings|Ref=PRO_31:4!2|MId=o200310040022|Strong=4428 5 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ Ref=PRO_31:4!2 6 לְֽמוֹאֵ֗ל לְמוּאֵל PROPN _ _ 1 parataxis _ Gloss=O.Lemuel|Ref=PRO_31:4!3|MId=o200310040031|Strong=3927 7 אַ֣ל אַל ADV _ _ 1 parataxis _ Gloss=not|Ref=PRO_31:4!4|MId=o200310040041|Strong=0408|Type=negative 8-10 לַֽמְלָכִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לַֽ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=PRO_31:4!5|MId=o200310040051|Strong=3807a 9 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=PRO_31:4!5|MId=o200310040051ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 מְלָכִ֣ים מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 obl _ Gloss=kings|Ref=PRO_31:4!5|MId=o200310040052|Strong=4428 11 שְׁתוֹ־ שָׁתָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 7 nsubj _ Gloss=to.drink|Ref=PRO_31:4!6|MId=o200310040061|Strong=8354|Frame=A0:;A1:200310040071;|Type=infinitive_construct|SpaceAfter=No 12 יָ֑יִן יַיִן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obj _ Gloss=wine|Ref=PRO_31:4!7|MId=o200310040071|Strong=3196 13-15 וּ֝לְרוֹזְנִ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וּ֝ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PRO_31:4!8|MId=o200310040081|Strong=2050b 14 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=PRO_31:4!8|MId=o200310040082|Strong=3807a 15 רוֹזְנִ֗ים רָזַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 16 advcl _ Gloss=rulers|Ref=PRO_31:4!8|MId=o200310040083|Strong=7336|Type=participle_active 16 אֵ֣י אַי PART _ _ 1 conj _ Gloss=where?|Ref=PRO_31:4!10|MId=o200310040101|Strong=0335|Type=interrogative 17 שֵׁכָֽר שֵׁכָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=strong.drink|Ref=PRO_31:4!11|MId=o200310040111|Strong=7941|SpaceAfter=No 18 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 17 punct _ Ref=PRO_31:4!11 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שְׁתוֹ־ *to drink* | infinitive construct · qal | | יָיִן *wine* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} אִזְדְהַר מִן מַלְכֵי לְמוֹאֵל מִן מַלְכֵי דְשָׁתִין חַמְרָא וּמִן שִׁלְטוֹנֵי דְשָׁתִין שִׁכְרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine: nor for princes to say: 'Where is strong drink?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.901/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:PRO:887`. - ← previous: [Proverbs 31:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.31.3/) - next →: [Proverbs 31:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.31.5/) - ↑ back to [Proverbs 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO/31/)