--- title: Proverbs 7:23 — Till an arrow strike through his liver; as a bird hasteneth to the s… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Till an arrow strike through his liver; as a bird hasteneth to the snare — and knoweth not that it is at the cost of his life. Who acts: arrow, bird. Proverbs 7:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.7.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Proverbs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO/) / [chapter 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO/7/) / 7:23 # Proverbs 7:23 מִשְׁלֵי **Who acts:** arrow, bird · **What happens:** strike, hasten, not know, be · **To what, where:** liver, snare, cost · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Proverbs 7:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — arrow, bird — and what happens in the verse to liver, snare, cost, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of Proverbs on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. עַ֤ד יְפַלַּ֪ח חֵ֡ץ כְּֽבֵד֗וֹ כְּמַהֵ֣ר צִפּ֣וֹר אֶל־פָּ֑ח וְלֹֽא־יָ֝דַ֗ע כִּֽי־בְנַפְשׁ֥וֹ הֽוּא׃פ [Till an arrow strike through his liver; as a bird hasteneth to the snare — and knoweth not that it is at the cost of his life.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.199/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:PRO:197 # text = עַ֤ד יְפַלַּ֪ח חֵ֡ץ כְּֽבֵד֗וֹ כְּמַהֵ֣ר צִפּ֣וֹר אֶל־פָּ֑ח וְלֹֽא־יָ֝דַ֗ע כִּֽי־בְנַפְשׁ֥וֹ הֽוּא׃פ # verse = PRO.7.23 1 עַ֤ד עַד ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=PRO_7:23!1|MId=o200070230011|Strong=5704 2 יְפַלַּ֪ח פָּלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.will.pierce|Ref=PRO_7:23!2|MId=o200070230021|Strong=6398|Frame=A0:200070230031;A1:200070230041;|Type=yiqtol 3 חֵ֡ץ חֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=an.arrow|Ref=PRO_7:23!3|MId=o200070230031|Strong=2671 4-5 כְּֽבֵד֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 כְּֽבֵד כָּבֵד NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=liver|Ref=PRO_7:23!4|MId=o200070230041|Strong=3516 5 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=PRO_7:23!4|MId=o200070230042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 6-7 כְּמַהֵ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=as|Ref=PRO_7:23!5|MId=o200070230051|Strong=3509a 7 מַהֵ֣ר מָהַר VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 2 parataxis _ Gloss=hurries|Ref=PRO_7:23!5|MId=o200070230052|Strong=4116|Frame=A0:200070230061;|Type=infinitive_construct 8 צִפּ֣וֹר צִפּוֹר NOUN _ Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ Gloss=a.bird|Ref=PRO_7:23!6|MId=o200070230061|Strong=6833 9 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=PRO_7:23!7|MId=o200070230071|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 10 פָּ֑ח פַּח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=a.trap|Ref=PRO_7:23!8|MId=o200070230081|Strong=6341 11-12 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PRO_7:23!9|MId=o200070230091|Strong=2050b 12 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 13 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=PRO_7:23!9|MId=o200070230092|Strong=3808|Type=negative 13 יָ֝דַ֗ע יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.knows|Ref=PRO_7:23!10|MId=o200070230101|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:200070070051;A1:200070230122;|Type=qatal 14 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=PRO_7:23!11|MId=o200070230111|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 15-17 בְנַפְשׁ֥וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=[is].for|Ref=PRO_7:23!12|MId=o200070230121|Strong=0871a 16 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 13 ccomp _ Gloss=life|Ref=PRO_7:23!12|MId=o200070230122|Strong=5315 17 ֥וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=PRO_7:23!12|MId=o200070230123|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18 הֽוּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=PRO_7:23!13|MId=o200070230131|Strong=1931|Type=personal|SpaceAfter=No 19 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 18 punct _ Ref=PRO_7:23!13|SpaceAfter=No 20 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 18 punct _ Ref=PRO_7:23!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְפַלַּח *it will pierce* | yiqtol · piel | חֵץ *an arrow* | כְּֽבֵד *liver* | | | | מַהֵר *hurries* | infinitive construct · piel | צִפּוֹר *a bird* | | | | | **not** יָדַע *he knows* | qatal · qal | | נַפְשׁ *life* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וְהֵיךְ אַיְלָא דְמַפְרִיחַ גִירָא בְּכַבְדֵיהּ וּמִסְתַּרְהַב הֵיךְ צַפְרָא לְוַת פּוּחָא וְלָא יְדַע דִלְמוֹתָא דְנַפְשֵׁיהּ אָזֵיל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Till an arrow strike through his liver; as a bird hasteneth to the snare — and knoweth not that it is at the cost of his life.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.199/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:PRO:197`. - ← previous: [Proverbs 7:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.7.22/) - next →: [Proverbs 7:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.7.24/) - ↑ back to [Proverbs 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO/7/)