--- title: Psalms 10:18 — To right the fatherless and the oppressed, that man who is of the ea… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: To right the fatherless and the oppressed, that man who is of the earth may be terrible no more. Who acts: man. Psalms 10:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.10.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Psalms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/10/) / 10:18 # Psalms 10:18 תְּהִלִּים **Who acts:** man · **What happens:** right, be · **To what, where:** fatherless This is Psalms 10:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — man — and what happens in the verse to fatherless, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לִשְׁפֹּ֥ט יָת֗וֹם וָ֫דָ֥ךְ בַּל־יוֹסִ֥יף ע֑וֹד לַעֲרֹ֥ץ אֱ֝נ֗וֹשׁ מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ [To right the fatherless and the oppressed, that man who is of the earth may be terrible no more.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.135/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:PSA:126 # text = לִשְׁפֹּ֥ט יָת֗וֹם וָ֫דָ֥ךְ בַּל־יוֹסִ֥יף ע֑וֹד לַעֲרֹ֥ץ אֱ֝נ֗וֹשׁ מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ # verse = PSA.10.18 1-2 לִשְׁפֹּ֥ט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=PSA_10:18!1|MId=o190100180011|Strong=3807a 2 שְׁפֹּ֥ט שָׁפַט VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 0 root _ Gloss=vindicate|Ref=PSA_10:18!1|MId=o190100180012|Strong=8199|Frame=A0:190100170041;A1:190100180021;190100180032;|Type=infinitive_construct 3 יָת֗וֹם יָתוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=[the].fatherless|Ref=PSA_10:18!2|MId=o190100180021|Strong=3490 4-5 וָ֫דָ֥ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וָ֫ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=PSA_10:18!3|MId=o190100180031|Strong=2050b 5 דָ֥ךְ דַּךְ ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=oppressed|Ref=PSA_10:18!3|MId=o190100180032|Strong=1790|Type=adjective 6 בַּל־ בַּל ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=PSA_10:18!4|MId=o190100180041|Strong=1077|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 7 יוֹסִ֥יף יָסַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.repeat|Ref=PSA_10:18!5|MId=o190100180051|Strong=3254|Frame=A0:190100180081;|Type=yiqtol 8 ע֑וֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ Gloss=again|Ref=PSA_10:18!6|MId=o190100180061|Strong=5750 9-10 לַעֲרֹ֥ץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=PSA_10:18!7|MId=o190100180071|Strong=3807a 10 עֲרֹ֥ץ עָרַץ VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 7 xcomp _ Gloss=terrify|Ref=PSA_10:18!7|MId=o190100180072|Strong=6206|Frame=A0:190100180081;A1:190100180021;190100180032;|Type=infinitive_construct 11 אֱ֝נ֗וֹשׁ אֱנוֹשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ Gloss=humankind|Ref=PSA_10:18!8|MId=o190100180081|Strong=0582 12 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=PSA_10:18!9|MId=o190100180091|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 הָאָֽרֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=PSA_10:18!10|MId=o190100180101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 אָֽרֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 11 nmod _ Gloss=earth|Ref=PSA_10:18!10|MId=o190100180102|Strong=0776 15 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 14 punct _ Ref=PSA_10:18!10 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שְׁפֹּט *vindicate* | infinitive construct · qal | | יָתוֹם *\[the\] fatherless* + דָךְ *oppressed* | | | | **not** יוֹסִיף *he will repeat* | yiqtol · hiphil | אֱנוֹשׁ *humankind* | | | | | עֲרֹץ *terrify* | infinitive construct · qal | אֱנוֹשׁ *humankind* | יָתוֹם *\[the\] fatherless* + דָךְ *oppressed* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} לְמִדַן יַתֵּם וְעַנְיָא לָא יוֹסִיף עוֹד תּוּב בְּנֵי נְשָׁא לְאִתְוָרָא מִן קֳדָם רַשִׁיעֵי אַרְעָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [To right the fatherless and the oppressed, that man who is of the earth may be terrible no more.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.135/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:PSA:126`. - ← previous: [Psalms 10:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.10.17/) - next →: [Psalms 11:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.11.1/) - ↑ back to [Psalms 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/10/)