--- title: Psalms 106:38 — And shed innocent blood, even the blood of their sons and of their d… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And shed innocent blood, even the blood of their sons and of their daughters, whom they sacrificed unto the idols of Canaan; and the land was polluted with blood. Who acts: you, generations. Psalms 106:38 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.106.38/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Psalms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/) / [chapter 106](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/106/) / 106:38 # Psalms 106:38 תְּהִלִּים **Who acts:** you, generations · **What happens:** shed, sacrifice, pollute · **To what, where:** innocent blood, daughters, land This is Psalms 106:38 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, generations — and what happens in the verse to innocent blood, daughters, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּֽשְׁפְּכ֨וּ דָ֪ם נָקִ֡י דַּם־בְּנֵ֘יהֶ֤ם וּֽבְנוֹתֵיהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר זִ֭בְּחוּ לַעֲצַבֵּ֣י כְנָ֑עַן וַתֶּחֱנַ֥ף הָ֝אָ֗רֶץ בַּדָּמִֽים׃ [And shed innocent blood, even the blood of their sons and of their daughters, whom they sacrificed unto the idols of Canaan; and the land was polluted with blood.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.1944/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:PSA:1812 # text = וַיִּֽשְׁפְּכ֨וּ דָ֪ם נָקִ֡י דַּם־בְּנֵ֘יהֶ֤ם וּֽבְנוֹתֵיהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר זִ֭בְּחוּ לַעֲצַבֵּ֣י כְנָ֑עַן וַתֶּחֱנַ֥ף הָ֝אָ֗רֶץ בַּדָּמִֽים׃ # verse = PSA.106.38 1-2 וַיִּֽשְׁפְּכ֨וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PSA_106:38!1|MId=o191060380011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּֽשְׁפְּכ֨וּ שָׁפַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.shed|Ref=PSA_106:38!1|MId=o191060380012|Strong=8210|Frame=A0:191060070011;A1:191060380021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָ֪ם דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=blood|Ref=PSA_106:38!2|MId=o191060380021|Strong=1818 4 נָקִ֡י נָקִי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 amod _ Gloss=innocent|Ref=PSA_106:38!3|MId=o191060380031|Strong=5355|Type=adjective 5 דַּם־ דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 appos _ Gloss=the.blood|Ref=PSA_106:38!4|MId=o191060380041|Strong=1818|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 בְּנֵ֘יהֶ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בְּנֵ֘י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=their.sons|Ref=PSA_106:38!5|MId=o191060380051|Strong=1121 7 הֶ֤ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=PSA_106:38!5|MId=o191060380052|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 8-10 וּֽבְנוֹתֵיהֶ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וּֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PSA_106:38!6|MId=o191060380061|Strong=2050b 9 בְנוֹתֵי בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 6 conj _ Gloss=daughters|Ref=PSA_106:38!6|MId=o191060380062|Strong=1323 10 הֶ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=PSA_106:38!6|MId=o191060380063|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 11 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=PSA_106:38!7|MId=o191060380071|Strong=0834|Type=relative 12 זִ֭בְּחוּ זָבַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.sacrificed|Ref=PSA_106:38!8|MId=o191060380081|Strong=2076|Frame=A0:191060070011;A1:191060380051;191060380062;|Type=qatal 13-14 לַעֲצַבֵּ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=PSA_106:38!9|MId=o191060380091|Strong=3807a 14 עֲצַבֵּ֣י עָצָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=the.idols|Ref=PSA_106:38!9|MId=o191060380092|Strong=6091 15 כְנָ֑עַן כְּנַעַן PROPN _ _ 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Canaan|Ref=PSA_106:38!10|MId=o191060380101|Strong=3667 16-17 וַתֶּחֱנַ֥ף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PSA_106:38!11|MId=o191060380111|Strong=2050b 17 תֶּחֱנַ֥ף חָנֵף VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.was.polluted|Ref=PSA_106:38!11|MId=o191060380112|Strong=2610|Frame=A0:191060380122;|Type=wayyiqtol 18-19 הָ֝אָ֗רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הָ֝ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=PSA_106:38!12|MId=o191060380121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 אָ֗רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=land|Ref=PSA_106:38!12|MId=o191060380122|Strong=0776 20-22 בַּדָּמִֽים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=PSA_106:38!13|MId=o191060380131|Strong=0871a 21 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=PSA_106:38!13|MId=o191060380131ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 דָּמִֽים דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 obl _ Gloss=blood(s)|Ref=PSA_106:38!13|MId=o191060380132|Strong=1818 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=PSA_106:38!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּֽשְׁפְּכוּ *they shed* | wayyiqtol · qal | | דָם *blood* | | | | זִבְּחוּ *they sacrificed* | qatal · piel | | בְּנֵי *their sons* + בְנוֹתֵי *daughters* | | | | תֶּחֱנַף *it was polluted* | wayyiqtol · qal | אָרֶץ *land* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וּשְׁדוּ אֲדַם זַכַּי דְמֵי בְנֵיהוֹן וּבְנָתֵיהוֹן דִי דַבַּחוּ לְטַעֲוָת דִכְנַעֲנָאֵי וְאִטַנְפַת אַרְעָא בְּחוֹבִין דִקְטוֹל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And shed innocent blood, even the blood of their sons and of their daughters, whom they sacrificed unto the idols of Canaan; and the land was polluted with blood.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.1944/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:PSA:1812`. - ← previous: [Psalms 106:37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.106.37/) - next →: [Psalms 106:39](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.106.39/) - ↑ back to [Psalms 106](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/106/)