--- title: Psalms 109:16 — Because that he remembered not to do kindness, but persecuted the po… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Because that he remembered not to do kindness, but persecuted the poor and needy man, and the broken in heart he was ready to slay. Who acts: sin. Psalms 109:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.109.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Psalms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/) / [chapter 109](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/109/) / 109:16 # Psalms 109:16 תְּהִלִּים **Who acts:** sin · **What happens:** remember, not do, persecute, be, slay · **To what, where:** kindness, poor man This is Psalms 109:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — sin — and what happens in the verse to kindness, poor man, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. יַ֗עַן אֲשֶׁ֤ר ׀ לֹ֥א זָכַר֮ עֲשׂ֪וֹת חָ֥סֶד וַיִּרְדֹּ֡ף אִישׁ־עָנִ֣י וְ֭אֶבְיוֹן וְנִכְאֵ֨ה לֵבָ֬ב לְמוֹתֵֽת׃ [Because that he remembered not to do kindness, but persecuted the poor and needy man, and the broken in heart he was ready to slay.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.2030/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:PSA:1895 # text = יַ֗עַן אֲשֶׁ֤ר ׀ לֹ֥א זָכַר֮ עֲשׂ֪וֹת חָ֥סֶד וַיִּרְדֹּ֡ף אִישׁ־עָנִ֣י וְ֭אֶבְיוֹן וְנִכְאֵ֨ה לֵבָ֬ב לְמוֹתֵֽת׃ # verse = PSA.109.16 1 יַ֗עַן יַעַן ADV _ _ 5 advmod _ Gloss=because|Ref=PSA_109:16!1|MId=o191090160011|Strong=3282 2 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=PSA_109:16!2|MId=o191090160021|Strong=0834|Type=relative 3 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ Ref=PSA_109:16!2 4 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 5 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=PSA_109:16!3|MId=o191090160031|Strong=3808|Type=negative 5 זָכַר֮ זָכַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.remembered|Ref=PSA_109:16!4|MId=o191090160041|Strong=2142|Frame=A0:191090020031;191090020051;A1:191090160051;|Type=qatal 6 עֲשׂ֪וֹת עָשָׂה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 5 obj _ Gloss=to.do|Ref=PSA_109:16!5|MId=o191090160051|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:191090020031;191090020051;A1:191090160061;|Type=infinitive_construct 7 חָ֥סֶד חֶסֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obj _ Gloss=loyalty|Ref=PSA_109:16!6|MId=o191090160061|Strong=2617 8-9 וַיִּרְדֹּ֡ף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PSA_109:16!7|MId=o191090160071|Strong=2050b 9 יִּרְדֹּ֡ף רָדַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=he.harassed|Ref=PSA_109:16!7|MId=o191090160072|Strong=7291|Frame=A0:191090020031;191090020051;A1:191090160081;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 אִישׁ־ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=anyone|Ref=PSA_109:16!8|MId=o191090160081|Strong=0376|SpaceAfter=No 11 עָנִ֣י עָנִי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 amod _ Gloss=poor|Ref=PSA_109:16!9|MId=o191090160091|Strong=6041|Type=adjective 12-13 וְ֭אֶבְיוֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ֭ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PSA_109:16!10|MId=o191090160101|Strong=2050b 13 אֶבְיוֹן אֶבְיוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 amod _ Gloss=needy|Ref=PSA_109:16!10|MId=o191090160102|Strong=0034|Type=adjective 14-15 וְנִכְאֵ֨ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PSA_109:16!11|MId=o191090160111|Strong=2050b 15 נִכְאֵ֨ה כָּאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 11 acl:relcl _ Gloss=disheartened|Ref=PSA_109:16!11|MId=o191090160112|Strong=3512|Frame=A1:191090160081;|Type=participle_active 16 לֵבָ֬ב לֵבָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.heart|Ref=PSA_109:16!12|MId=o191090160121|Strong=3824 17-18 לְמוֹתֵֽת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=PSA_109:16!13|MId=o191090160131|Strong=3807a 18 מוֹתֵֽת מוּת VERB _ HebBinyan=POLEL 9 advcl _ Gloss=put.to.[them].death|Ref=PSA_109:16!13|MId=o191090160132|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:191090020031;191090020051;A1:191090160081;|Type=infinitive_construct 19 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 18 punct _ Ref=PSA_109:16!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** זָכַר *he remembered* | qatal · qal | | עֲשׂוֹת *to do* | | | | עֲשׂוֹת *to do* | infinitive construct · qal | | חָסֶד *loyalty* | | | | יִּרְדֹּף *he harassed* | wayyiqtol · qal | | אִישׁ־ *anyone* | | | | נִכְאֵה *disheartened* | participle active · niphal | | אִישׁ־ *anyone* | | | | מוֹתֵֽת *put to \[them\] death* | infinitive construct · polel | | אִישׁ־ *anyone* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} מִטוּל דְלָא אִדְכַּר לְמֶעְבַּד טֵיבוּ וְרָדֵיף גְבַר עַנְיָא וַחֲשִׁיכָא וּמַכִּיךְ לִבָּא לְאִתְקַטָלָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Because that he remembered not to do kindness, but persecuted the poor and needy man, and the broken in heart he was ready to slay.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.2030/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:PSA:1895`. - ← previous: [Psalms 109:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.109.15/) - next →: [Psalms 109:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.109.17/) - ↑ back to [Psalms 109](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/109/)