--- title: Psalms 14:4 — 'Shall not all the workers of iniquity know it, who eat up My people… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: 'Shall not all the workers of iniquity know it, who eat up My people as they eat bread, and call not upon the LORD?' Who acts: workers. Psalms 14:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.14.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Psalms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/14/) / 14:4 # Psalms 14:4 תְּהִלִּים **Who acts:** workers · **What happens:** not know, eat up, eat, not call · **To what, where:** iniquity, people, bread · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Psalms 14:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — workers — and what happens in the verse to iniquity, people, bread, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הֲלֹ֥א יָדְעוּ֮ כָּל־פֹּ֪עֲלֵ֫י אָ֥וֶן אֹכְלֵ֣י עַ֭מִּי אָ֣כְלוּ לֶ֑חֶם יְ֝הוָ֗ה לֹ֣א קָרָֽאוּ׃ ['Shall not all the workers of iniquity know it, who eat up My people as they eat bread, and call not upon the LORD?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.170/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:PSA:152 # text = הֲלֹ֥א יָדְעוּ֮ כָּל־פֹּ֪עֲלֵ֫י אָ֥וֶן אֹכְלֵ֣י עַ֭מִּי אָ֣כְלוּ לֶ֑חֶם יְ֝הוָ֗ה לֹ֣א קָרָֽאוּ׃ # verse = PSA.14.4 1-2 הֲלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=PSA_14:4!1|MId=o190140040011|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 2 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=PSA_14:4!1|MId=o190140040012|Strong=3808|Type=negative 3 יָדְעוּ֮ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=do.they.know|Ref=PSA_14:4!2|MId=o190140040021|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:190140040041;|Type=qatal 4 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=PSA_14:4!3|MId=o190140040031|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 5 פֹּ֪עֲלֵ֫י פָּעַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[those.who].do|Ref=PSA_14:4!4|MId=o190140040041|Strong=6466|Frame=A1:190140040051;|Type=participle_active 6 אָ֥וֶן אָוֶן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=(of).wickedness|Ref=PSA_14:4!5|MId=o190140040051|Strong=0205 7 אֹכְלֵ֣י אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ Gloss=[those.who].devour|Ref=PSA_14:4!6|MId=o190140040061|Strong=0398|Frame=A1:190140040071;|Type=participle_active 8-9 עַ֭מִּי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 עַ֭מּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=PSA_14:4!7|MId=o190140040071|Strong=5971 9 ִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=(of).my|Ref=PSA_14:4!7|MId=o190140040072|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 10 אָ֣כְלוּ אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=they.eat|Ref=PSA_14:4!8|MId=o190140040081|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:190140040061;A1:190140040091;|Type=qatal 11 לֶ֑חֶם לֶחֶם NOUN _ Number=Sing 10 obj _ Gloss=bread|Ref=PSA_14:4!9|MId=o190140040091|Strong=3899 12 יְ֝הוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 14 obj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=PSA_14:4!10|MId=o190140040101|Strong=3068 13 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 14 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=PSA_14:4!11|MId=o190140040111|Strong=3808|Type=negative 14 קָרָֽאוּ קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=they.call.on|Ref=PSA_14:4!12|MId=o190140040121|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:190140040061;A1:190140040101;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 15 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 14 punct _ Ref=PSA_14:4!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: speech with no frame - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** יָדְעוּ *do they know* | qatal · qal | פֹּעֲלֵי *\[those who\] do* | | | | | פֹּעֲלֵי *\[those who\] do* | participle active · qal | | אָוֶן *(of) wickedness* | | | | אֹכְלֵי *\[those who\] devour* | participle active · qal | | עַמּ *people* | | | | אָכְלוּ *they eat* | qatal · qal | אֹכְלֵי *\[those who\] devour* | לֶחֶם *bread* | | | | **not** קָרָֽאוּ *they call on* | qatal · qal | אֹכְלֵי *\[those who\] devour* | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} הֲלָא יְדָעוּ כָּל עַבְדֵי שְׁקַר סָעֲדֵי עַמִי סָעֲדוּ לַחְמָא שְׁמָא דַייָ לָא בָרִיכוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. ['Shall not all the workers of iniquity know it, who eat up My people as they eat bread, and call not upon the LORD?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.170/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:PSA:152`. - ← previous: [Psalms 14:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.14.3/) - next →: [Psalms 14:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.14.5/) - ↑ back to [Psalms 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/14/)