--- title: Psalms 140:12 — A slanderer shall not be established in the earth; the violent and e… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: A slanderer shall not be established in the earth; the violent and evil man shall be hunted with thrust upon thrust. Psalms 140:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.140.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Psalms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/) / [chapter 140](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/140/) / 140:12 # Psalms 140:12 תְּהִלִּים **What happens:** not establish, hunt · **To what, where:** slanderer, earth, violent man This is Psalms 140:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: what happens in the verse to slanderer, earth, violent man, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אִ֥ישׁ לָשׁוֹן֮ בַּל־יִכּ֪וֹן בָּ֫אָ֥רֶץ אִישׁ־חָמָ֥ס רָ֑ע יְ֝צוּדֶ֗נּוּ לְמַדְחֵפֹֽת׃ [A slanderer shall not be established in the earth; the violent and evil man shall be hunted with thrust upon thrust.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.2563/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:PSA:2399 # text = אִ֥ישׁ לָשׁוֹן֮ בַּל־יִכּ֪וֹן בָּ֫אָ֥רֶץ אִישׁ־חָמָ֥ס רָ֑ע יְ֝צוּדֶ֗נּוּ לְמַדְחֵפֹֽת׃ # verse = PSA.140.12 1 אִ֥ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=a.person|Ref=PSA_140:12!1|MId=o191400120011|Strong=0376 2 לָשׁוֹן֮ לָשׁוֹן NOUN _ Number=Sing 1 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.tongue|Ref=PSA_140:12!2|MId=o191400120021|Strong=3956 3 בַּל־ בַּל ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=PSA_140:12!3|MId=o191400120031|Strong=1077|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 4 יִכּ֪וֹן כּוּן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=let.him.be.established|Ref=PSA_140:12!4|MId=o191400120041|Strong=3559|Frame=A1:191400120011;|Type=yiqtol 5-7 בָּ֫אָ֥רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בָּ֫ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=PSA_140:12!5|MId=o191400120051|Strong=0871a 6 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=PSA_140:12!5|MId=o191400120051ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 אָ֥רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=land|Ref=PSA_140:12!5|MId=o191400120052|Strong=0776 8 אִישׁ־ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 dislocated _ Gloss=a.person|Ref=PSA_140:12!6|MId=o191400120061|Strong=0376|SpaceAfter=No 9 חָמָ֥ס חָמָס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.violence|Ref=PSA_140:12!7|MId=o191400120071|Strong=2555 10 רָ֑ע רַע ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ Gloss=trouble|Ref=PSA_140:12!8|MId=o191400120081|Strong=7451|Type=adjective 11-12 יְ֝צוּדֶ֗נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 יְ֝צוּד צוּד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=let|Ref=PSA_140:12!9|MId=o191400120091|Strong=6679|Frame=A0:191400120081;A1:191400120092;|Type=jussive 12 ֶ֗נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ Gloss=it.hunt.him|Ref=PSA_140:12!9|MId=o191400120092|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 13-14 לְמַדְחֵפֹֽת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=PSA_140:12!10|MId=o191400120101|Strong=3807a 14 מַדְחֵפֹֽת מַדְחֵפָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 11 obl _ Gloss=blows|Ref=PSA_140:12!10|MId=o191400120102|Strong=4073 15 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 14 punct _ Ref=PSA_140:12!10 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** יִכּוֹן *let him be established* | yiqtol · niphal | | אִישׁ *a person* | | | | יְצוּד *let* | jussive · qal | רָע *trouble* | ֶנּוּ *it hunt him* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} גְבַר דְמִשְׁתָּעֵי לִישָׁן תְּלִיתַי לָא אֶפְשַׁר דְיִתְכַּן בְּאַרְעָא דְחַיֵי גְבַר חֲטוֹפָא בִישׁ יְצוּדִינֵיהּ מַלְאַךְ דְמוֹתָא יְנַקְפִנֵיהּ בְּגֵהִנָם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [A slanderer shall not be established in the earth; the violent and evil man shall be hunted with thrust upon thrust.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.2563/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:PSA:2399`. - ← previous: [Psalms 140:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.140.11/) - next →: [Psalms 140:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.140.13/) - ↑ back to [Psalms 140](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/140/)