--- title: Psalms 18:1 — For the Leader. A Psalm of David the servant of the LORD, who spoke… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For the Leader. A Psalm of David the servant of the LORD, who spoke unto the LORD the words of this song in the day that the LORD delivered him from the hand of all his enemies, and from the hand of Saul; And he said: I love thee, O LORD, my strength. Who acts: servant, LORD, I. Psalms 18:1 in Hebre --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.18.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Psalms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/18/) / 18:1 # Psalms 18:1 תְּהִלִּים **Who acts:** servant, LORD, I · **What happens:** speak, deliver, say, love, word · **To what, where:** words, David, hand, thee, song · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Psalms 18:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — servant, LORD, I — and what happens in the verse to words, David, hand, thee, song, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לַמְנַצֵּ֤חַ ׀ לְעֶ֥בֶד יְהוָ֗ה לְדָ֫וִ֥ד אֲשֶׁ֤ר דִּבֶּ֨ר ׀ לַיהוָ֗ה אֶת־דִּ֭בְרֵי הַשִּׁירָ֣ה הַזֹּ֑את בְּי֤וֹם הִֽצִּיל־יְהוָ֘ה אוֹת֥וֹ מִכַּ֥ף כָּל־אֹ֝יְבָ֗יו וּמִיַּ֥ד שָׁאֽוּל׃ [For the Leader.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.211/) [A Psalm of David the servant of the LORD, who spoke unto the LORD the words of this song in the day that the LORD delivered him from the hand of all his enemies, and from the hand of Saul; And he said: I love thee, O LORD, my strength.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.212/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:PSA:187 # text = לַמְנַצֵּ֤חַ ׀ לְעֶ֥בֶד יְהוָ֗ה לְדָ֫וִ֥ד אֲשֶׁ֤ר דִּבֶּ֨ר ׀ לַיהוָ֗ה אֶת־דִּ֭בְרֵי הַשִּׁירָ֣ה הַזֹּ֑את בְּי֤וֹם הִֽצִּיל־יְהוָ֘ה אוֹת֥וֹ מִכַּ֥ף כָּל־אֹ֝יְבָ֗יו וּמִיַּ֥ד שָׁאֽוּל׃ # verse = PSA.18.1 1-3 לַמְנַצֵּ֤חַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=PSA_18:1!1|MId=o190180010011|Strong=3807a 2 ה הַ SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ Gloss=the|Ref=PSA_18:1!1|MId=o190180010011ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 מְנַצֵּ֤חַ נָצַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=choirmaster|Ref=PSA_18:1!1|MId=o190180010012|Strong=5329|Type=participle_active 4 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 3 punct _ Ref=PSA_18:1!1 5-6 לְעֶ֥בֶד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=PSA_18:1!2|MId=o190180010021|Strong=3807a 6 עֶ֥בֶד עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=the.servant|Ref=PSA_18:1!2|MId=o190180010022|Strong=5650 7 יְהוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=PSA_18:1!3|MId=o190180010031|Strong=3068 8-9 לְדָ֫וִ֥ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=PSA_18:1!4|MId=o190180010041|Strong=3807a 9 דָ֫וִ֥ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 6 nmod _ Gloss=David|Ref=PSA_18:1!4|MId=o190180010042|Strong=1732 10 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=PSA_18:1!5|MId=o190180010051|Strong=0834|Type=relative 11 דִּבֶּ֨ר דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 9 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.spoke|Ref=PSA_18:1!6|MId=o190180010061|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:190180010042;A1:190180010091;|Type=qatal 12 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 11 punct _ Ref=PSA_18:1!6 13-14 לַיהוָ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=PSA_18:1!7|MId=o190180010071|Strong=3807a 14 יהוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 11 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=PSA_18:1!7|MId=o190180010072|Strong=3068 15 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=PSA_18:1!8|MId=o190180010081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 16 דִּ֭בְרֵי דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 obj _ Gloss=the.words|Ref=PSA_18:1!9|MId=o190180010091|Strong=1697 17-18 הַשִּׁירָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=PSA_18:1!10|MId=o190180010101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 שִּׁירָ֣ה שִׁירָה NOUN _ Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.song|Ref=PSA_18:1!10|MId=o190180010102|Strong=7892a 19-20 הַזֹּ֑את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=PSA_18:1!11|MId=o190180010111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 זֹּ֑את זֹאת DET _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 18 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=PSA_18:1!11|MId=o190180010112|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 21-22 בְּי֤וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=on.[the]|Ref=PSA_18:1!12|MId=o190180010121|Strong=0871a 22 י֤וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=PSA_18:1!12|MId=o190180010122|Strong=3117 23 הִֽצִּיל־ נָצַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 22 acl _ Gloss=[when].he.delivered|Ref=PSA_18:1!13|MId=o190180010131|Strong=5337|Frame=AA:190180010141;A0:190180010152;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 24 יְהוָ֘ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 23 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=PSA_18:1!14|MId=o190180010141|Strong=3068 25-26 אוֹת֥וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 אוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=|Ref=PSA_18:1!15|MId=o190180010151|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 26 ֥וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=PSA_18:1!15|MId=o190180010152|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 27-28 מִכַּ֥ף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=PSA_18:1!16|MId=o190180010161|Strong=4480 28 כַּ֥ף כַּף NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=the.palm|Ref=PSA_18:1!16|MId=o190180010162|Strong=3709 29 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.all|Ref=PSA_18:1!17|MId=o190180010171|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 30-31 אֹ֝יְבָ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 אֹ֝יְבָ֗י אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=enemies|Ref=PSA_18:1!18|MId=o190180010181|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 31 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=PSA_18:1!18|MId=o190180010182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 32-34 וּמִיַּ֥ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PSA_18:1!19|MId=o190180010191|Strong=2050b 33 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=PSA_18:1!19|MId=o190180010192|Strong=4480 34 יַּ֥ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 28 conj _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=PSA_18:1!19|MId=o190180010193|Strong=3027 35 שָׁאֽוּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 34 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Saul|Ref=PSA_18:1!20|MId=o190180010201|Strong=7586|SpaceAfter=No 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=PSA_18:1!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | דִּבֶּר *he spoke* | qatal · piel | דָוִד *David* | דִּבְרֵי *the words* | | | | הִֽצִּיל־ *\[when\] he delivered* | qatal · hiphil | וֹ *him* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} לְשַׁבָּחָא עַל נִסַיָא דְאִתְרְחִישׁוּ לְעַבְדָא דַייָ לְדָוִד דְשַׁבָּח בִּנְבוּאָה קֳדָם יְיָ יַת פִּתְגָמֵי שִׁירְתָא הָדָא עַל כָּל יוֹמַיָא דְשֵׁזְבֵיהּ יְיָ מִן יְדָא דְכָל בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבוֹי וּמֵחַרְבָּא דְשָׁאוּל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For the Leader.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.211/) 2. [A Psalm of David the servant of the LORD, who spoke unto the LORD the words of this song in the day that the LORD delivered him from the hand of all his enemies, and from the hand of Saul; And he said: I love thee, O LORD, my strength.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.212/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:PSA:187`. - ← previous: [Psalms 17:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.17.15/) - next →: [Psalms 18:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.18.2/) - ↑ back to [Psalms 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/18/)