--- title: Psalms 18:3 — The LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my r… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: The LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my rock, in Him I take refuge; my shield, and my horn of salvation, my high tower. Who acts: LORD, I. Psalms 18:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.18.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Psalms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/18/) / 18:3 # Psalms 18:3 תְּהִלִּים **Who acts:** LORD, I · **What happens:** be, take · **To what, where:** rock, refuge This is Psalms 18:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, I — and what happens in the verse to rock, refuge, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. יְהוָ֤ה ׀ סַֽלְעִ֥י וּמְצוּדָתִ֗י וּמְפַ֫לְטִ֥י אֵלִ֣י צ֭וּרִי אֶֽחֱסֶה־בּ֑וֹ מָֽגִנִּ֥י וְקֶֽרֶן־יִ֝שְׁעִ֗י מִשְׂגַּבִּֽי׃ [The LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my rock, in Him I take refuge; my shield, and my horn of salvation, my high tower.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.213/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:PSA:189 # text = יְהוָ֤ה ׀ סַֽלְעִ֥י וּמְצוּדָתִ֗י וּמְפַ֫לְטִ֥י אֵלִ֣י צ֭וּרִי אֶֽחֱסֶה־בּ֑וֹ מָֽגִנִּ֥י וְקֶֽרֶן־יִ֝שְׁעִ֗י מִשְׂגַּבִּֽי׃ # verse = PSA.18.3 1 יְהוָ֤ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=PSA_18:3!1|MId=o190180030011|Strong=3068 2 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ Ref=PSA_18:3!1 3-4 סַֽלְעִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 סַֽלְע סֶלַע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=rock|Ref=PSA_18:3!2|MId=o190180030021|Strong=5553 4 ִ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[is].my|Ref=PSA_18:3!2|MId=o190180030022|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 5-7 וּמְצוּדָתִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PSA_18:3!3|MId=o190180030031|Strong=2050b 6 מְצוּדָת מְצוּדָה NOUN _ Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=stronghold|Ref=PSA_18:3!3|MId=o190180030032|Strong=4686a 7 ִ֗י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=PSA_18:3!3|MId=o190180030033|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 8-10 וּמְפַ֫לְטִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PSA_18:3!4|MId=o190180030041|Strong=2050b 9 מְפַ֫לְט פָּלַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=deliverer|Ref=PSA_18:3!4|MId=o190180030042|Strong=6403|Type=participle_active 10 ִ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=PSA_18:3!4|MId=o190180030043|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 11-12 אֵלִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 אֵל אֵל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ Gloss=God|Ref=PSA_18:3!5|MId=o190180030051|Strong=0410 12 ִ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=PSA_18:3!5|MId=o190180030052|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 13-14 צ֭וּרִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 צ֭וּר צוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=rock|Ref=PSA_18:3!6|MId=o190180030061|Strong=6697 14 ִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[is].my|Ref=PSA_18:3!6|MId=o190180030062|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 15 אֶֽחֱסֶה־ חָסָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 parataxis _ Gloss=I.take.refuge|Ref=PSA_18:3!7|MId=o190180030071|Strong=2620|Frame=A0:190180010042;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 16-17 בּ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=PSA_18:3!8|MId=o190180030081|Strong=0871a 17 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=PSA_18:3!8|MId=o190180030082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18-19 מָֽגִנִּ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מָֽגִנּ מָגֵן NOUN _ Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=shield|Ref=PSA_18:3!9|MId=o190180030091|Strong=4043 19 ִ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=PSA_18:3!9|MId=o190180030092|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 20-21 וְקֶֽרֶן־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PSA_18:3!10|MId=o190180030101|Strong=2050b 21 קֶֽרֶן־ קֶרֶן NOUN _ Number=Sing 18 conj _ Gloss=the.horn|Ref=PSA_18:3!10|MId=o190180030102|Strong=7161 22-23 יִ֝שְׁעִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 יִ֝שְׁע יֵשַׁע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=my.salvation|Ref=PSA_18:3!11|MId=o190180030111|Strong=3468 23 ִ֗י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=PSA_18:3!11|MId=o190180030112|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 24-25 מִשְׂגַּבִּֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 מִשְׂגַּבּ מִשְׂגָּב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 conj _ Gloss=refuge|Ref=PSA_18:3!12|MId=o190180030121|Strong=4869 25 ִֽי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=PSA_18:3!12|MId=o190180030122|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=PSA_18:3!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֶֽחֱסֶה־ *I take refuge* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} יְיָ תּוּקְפִי וְרֻחְצָנִי וּמְשֵׁזִיב יָתִי אֱלָהָא דְאִתְרְעֵי בִּי קָרְבַנִי לִדְחַלְתֵּיהּ תְּרֵיסִי דְמִן קֳדָמוֹי אִתְיְהַב לִי תְקוֹף וּפוּרְקָן עַל בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבֵי רָחְצָנִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [The LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my rock, in Him I take refuge; my shield, and my horn of salvation, my high tower.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.213/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:PSA:189`. - ← previous: [Psalms 18:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.18.2/) - next →: [Psalms 18:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.18.4/) - ↑ back to [Psalms 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/18/)