--- title: Psalms 18:43 — Then did I beat them small as the dust before the wind; I did cast t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then did I beat them small as the dust before the wind; I did cast them out as the mire of the streets. Who acts: I. Psalms 18:43 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.18.43/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Psalms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/18/) / 18:43 # Psalms 18:43 תְּהִלִּים **Who acts:** I · **What happens:** beat, cast out · **To what, where:** enemies This is Psalms 18:43 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I — and what happens in the verse to enemies, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְֽאֶשְׁחָקֵ֗ם כְּעָפָ֥ר עַל־פְּנֵי־ר֑וּחַ כְּטִ֖יט חוּצ֣וֹת אֲרִיקֵֽם׃ [Then did I beat them small as the dust before the wind; I did cast them out as the mire of the streets.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.254/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:PSA:229 # text = וְֽאֶשְׁחָקֵ֗ם כְּעָפָ֥ר עַל־פְּנֵי־ר֑וּחַ כְּטִ֖יט חוּצ֣וֹת אֲרִיקֵֽם׃ # verse = PSA.18.43 1-3 וְֽאֶשְׁחָקֵ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PSA_18:43!1|MId=o190180430011|Strong=2050b 2 אֶשְׁחָק שָׁחַק VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I|Ref=PSA_18:43!1|MId=o190180430012|Strong=7833|Frame=A0:190180010042;A1:190180430013;|Type=yiqtol 3 ֵ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obj _ Gloss=beat.them.fine|Ref=PSA_18:43!1|MId=o190180430013|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 4-5 כְּעָפָ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=PSA_18:43!2|MId=o190180430021|Strong=3509a 5 עָפָ֥ר עָפָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=dust|Ref=PSA_18:43!2|MId=o190180430022|Strong=6083 6 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=PSA_18:43!3|MId=o190180430031|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 7 פְּנֵי־ פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 5 nmod _ Gloss=[the].face|Ref=PSA_18:43!4|MId=o190180430041|Strong=6440|SpaceAfter=No 8 ר֑וּחַ רוּחַ NOUN _ Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].wind|Ref=PSA_18:43!5|MId=o190180430051|Strong=7307 9-10 כְּטִ֖יט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=like.[the]|Ref=PSA_18:43!6|MId=o190180430061|Strong=3509a 10 טִ֖יט טִיט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=mud|Ref=PSA_18:43!6|MId=o190180430062|Strong=2916 11 חוּצ֣וֹת חוּץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].streets|Ref=PSA_18:43!7|MId=o190180430071|Strong=2351 12-13 אֲרִיקֵֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אֲרִיק רִיק VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 parataxis _ Gloss=I|Ref=PSA_18:43!8|MId=o190180430081|Strong=7324a|Frame=AA:190180010042;A0:190180430082;|Type=yiqtol 13 ֵֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ Gloss=poured.them.out|Ref=PSA_18:43!8|MId=o190180430082|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 14 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 13 punct _ Ref=PSA_18:43!8 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֶשְׁחָק *I* | yiqtol · qal | | ֵם *beat them fine* | | | | אֲרִיק *I* | yiqtol · hiphil | ֵֽם *poured them out* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וְדוֹשַׁשְׁתִּינוּן הֵיךְ גַרְגִשְׁתָּא דְאַרְעָא עַל אַנְפֵּי זַעְפָּא וְהֵיךְ סְיַן אַשְׁקָקֵי בַעֲטֵית אִנוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then did I beat them small as the dust before the wind; I did cast them out as the mire of the streets.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.254/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:PSA:229`. - ← previous: [Psalms 18:42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.18.42/) - next →: [Psalms 18:44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.18.44/) - ↑ back to [Psalms 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/18/)