--- title: Psalms 18:8 — Then the earth did shake and quake, the foundations also of the moun… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then the earth did shake and quake, the foundations also of the mountains did tremble; they were shaken, because He was wroth. Who acts: earth, foundations. Psalms 18:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.18.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Psalms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/18/) / 18:8 # Psalms 18:8 תְּהִלִּים **Who acts:** earth, foundations · **What happens:** shake, quake, tremble, be · **To what, where:** foundations This is Psalms 18:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — earth, foundations — and what happens in the verse to foundations, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתִּגְעַ֬שׁ וַתִּרְעַ֨שׁ ׀ הָאָ֗רֶץ וּמוֹסְדֵ֣י הָרִ֣ים יִרְגָּ֑זוּ וַ֝יִּתְגָּֽעֲשׁ֗וּ כִּי־חָ֥רָה לֽוֹ׃ [Then the earth did shake and quake, the foundations also of the mountains did tremble; they were shaken, because He was wroth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.218/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:PSA:194 # text = וַתִּגְעַ֬שׁ וַתִּרְעַ֨שׁ ׀ הָאָ֗רֶץ וּמוֹסְדֵ֣י הָרִ֣ים יִרְגָּ֑זוּ וַ֝יִּתְגָּֽעֲשׁ֗וּ כִּי־חָ֥רָה לֽוֹ׃ # verse = PSA.18.8 1-2 וַתִּגְעַ֬שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PSA_18:8!1|MId=o190180080011|Strong=2050b 2 תִּגְעַ֬שׁ גָּעַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.shook|Ref=PSA_18:8!1|MId=o190180080012|Strong=1607|Frame=A0:190180080032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 וַתִּרְעַ֨שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PSA_18:8!2|MId=o190180080021|Strong=2050b 4 תִּרְעַ֨שׁ רָעַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.quaked|Ref=PSA_18:8!2|MId=o190180080022|Strong=7493|Frame=A0:190180080032;|Type=wayyiqtol 5 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ Ref=PSA_18:8!2 6-7 הָאָ֗רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=PSA_18:8!3|MId=o190180080031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 אָ֗רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=earth|Ref=PSA_18:8!3|MId=o190180080032|Strong=0776 8-9 וּמוֹסְדֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=PSA_18:8!4|MId=o190180080041|Strong=2050b 9 מוֹסְדֵ֣י מֹוסָד NOUN _ Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ Gloss=foundations|Ref=PSA_18:8!4|MId=o190180080042|Strong=4144 10 הָרִ֣ים הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].mountains|Ref=PSA_18:8!5|MId=o190180080051|Strong=2022 11 יִרְגָּ֑זוּ רָגַז VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.trembled|Ref=PSA_18:8!6|MId=o190180080061|Strong=7264|Frame=A0:190180080042;|Type=yiqtol 12-13 וַ֝יִּתְגָּֽעֲשׁ֗וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ֝ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PSA_18:8!7|MId=o190180080071|Strong=2050b 13 יִּתְגָּֽעֲשׁ֗וּ גָּעַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.shook.back.and.forth|Ref=PSA_18:8!7|MId=o190180080072|Strong=1607|Frame=A0:190180080042;|Type=wayyiqtol 14 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=PSA_18:8!8|MId=o190180080081|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 15 חָ֥רָה חָרָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=it.burned|Ref=PSA_18:8!9|MId=o190180080091|Strong=2734|Frame=A0:;|Type=qatal 16-17 לֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 ל לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=PSA_18:8!10|MId=o190180080101|Strong=3807a 17 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=PSA_18:8!10|MId=o190180080102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 17 punct _ Ref=PSA_18:8!10 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תִּגְעַשׁ *it shook* | wayyiqtol · qal | אָרֶץ *earth* | | | | | תִּרְעַשׁ *it quaked* | wayyiqtol · qal | אָרֶץ *earth* | | | | | יִרְגָּזוּ *they trembled* | yiqtol · qal | מוֹסְדֵי *foundations* | | | | | יִּתְגָּֽעֲשׁוּ *they shook back and forth* | wayyiqtol · hithpael | מוֹסְדֵי *foundations* | | | | | חָרָה *it burned* | qatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וְאִתְרְגִיפַת וְאִתְרְגִישַׁת אַרְעָא וְאֻשְׁיָת טוּרַיָא זְעוּ וְאִתְרְטִישׁוּ מְטוּל דִתְקֵיף לֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then the earth did shake and quake, the foundations also of the mountains did tremble; they were shaken, because He was wroth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.218/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:PSA:194`. - ← previous: [Psalms 18:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.18.7/) - next →: [Psalms 18:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.18.9/) - ↑ back to [Psalms 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/18/)