--- title: Psalms 28:4 — Give them according to their deeds, and according to the evil of the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Give them according to their deeds, and according to the evil of their endeavours; give them after the work of their hands; render to them their desert. Who acts: you, hands. Psalms 28:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.28.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Psalms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/28/) / 28:4 # Psalms 28:4 תְּהִלִּים **Who acts:** you, hands · **What happens:** give, accord, render, endeavour, work · **To what, where:** hands, desert This is Psalms 28:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, hands — and what happens in the verse to hands, desert, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. תֶּן־לָהֶ֣ם כְּפָעֳלָם֮ וּכְרֹ֪עַ מַֽעַלְלֵ֫יהֶ֥ם כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְ֭דֵיהֶם תֵּ֣ן לָהֶ֑ם הָשֵׁ֖ב גְּמוּלָ֣ם לָהֶֽם׃ [Give them according to their deeds, and according to the evil of their endeavours; give them after the work of their hands; render to them their desert.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.414/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:PSA:376 # text = תֶּן־לָהֶ֣ם כְּפָעֳלָם֮ וּכְרֹ֪עַ מַֽעַלְלֵ֫יהֶ֥ם כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְ֭דֵיהֶם תֵּ֣ן לָהֶ֑ם הָשֵׁ֖ב גְּמוּלָ֣ם לָהֶֽם׃ # verse = PSA.28.4 1 תֶּן־ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=requite|Ref=PSA_28:4!1|MId=o190280040011|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:190280010051;|Type=imperative|SpaceAfter=No 2-3 לָהֶ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 ל לְ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=PSA_28:4!2|MId=o190280040021|Strong=3807a 3 ָהֶ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 1 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=PSA_28:4!2|MId=o190280040022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 4-6 כְּפָעֳלָם֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=according|Ref=PSA_28:4!3|MId=o190280040031|Strong=3509a 5 פָעֳל פֹּעַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=PSA_28:4!3|MId=o190280040032|Strong=6467 6 ָם֮ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their.work|Ref=PSA_28:4!3|MId=o190280040033|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 7-9 וּכְרֹ֪עַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PSA_28:4!4|MId=o190280040041|Strong=2050b 8 כְ כְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=according|Ref=PSA_28:4!4|MId=o190280040042|Strong=3509a 9 רֹ֪עַ רֹעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 conj _ Gloss=to.the.wickedness|Ref=PSA_28:4!4|MId=o190280040043|Strong=7455 10-11 מַֽעַלְלֵ֫יהֶ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 מַֽעַלְלֵ֫י מַעֲלָל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=their.deeds|Ref=PSA_28:4!5|MId=o190280040051|Strong=4611 11 הֶ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=PSA_28:4!5|MId=o190280040052|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 12-13 כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=according|Ref=PSA_28:4!6|MId=o190280040061|Strong=3509a 13 מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה מַעֲשֶׂה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=to.the.work|Ref=PSA_28:4!6|MId=o190280040062|Strong=4639 14-15 יְ֭דֵיהֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 יְ֭דֵי יָד NOUN _ Number=Dual 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=their.hands|Ref=PSA_28:4!7|MId=o190280040071|Strong=3027 15 הֶם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=PSA_28:4!7|MId=o190280040072|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 16 תֵּ֣ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 1 parataxis _ Gloss=requite|Ref=PSA_28:4!8|MId=o190280040081|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:190280010051;|Type=imperative 17-18 לָהֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 ל לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=PSA_28:4!9|MId=o190280040091|Strong=3807a 18 ָהֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=PSA_28:4!9|MId=o190280040092|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 19 הָשֵׁ֖ב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 1 parataxis _ Gloss=repay|Ref=PSA_28:4!10|MId=o190280040101|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:190280010051;A0:190280040111;|Type=imperative 20-21 גְּמוּלָ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 גְּמוּל גְּמוּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=recompense|Ref=PSA_28:4!11|MId=o190280040111|Strong=1576 21 ָ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=PSA_28:4!11|MId=o190280040112|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 22-23 לָהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 ל לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=PSA_28:4!12|MId=o190280040121|Strong=3807a 23 ָהֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=PSA_28:4!12|MId=o190280040122|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=PSA_28:4!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תֶּן־ *requite* | imperative · qal | | | | | | תֵּן *requite* | imperative · qal | | | | | | הָשֵׁב *repay* | imperative · hiphil | גְּמוּל *recompense* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} הַב לְהוֹן כְּעוֹבָדֵיהוֹן וּכְבִישׁוּת עוֹבָדֵיהוֹן כְּעוֹבָדֵי יְדֵיהוֹן פְּרַע לְהוֹן אֲתִיב פּוּרְעֲנוּתְהוֹן לְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Give them according to their deeds, and according to the evil of their endeavours; give them after the work of their hands; render to them their desert.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.414/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:PSA:376`. - ← previous: [Psalms 28:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.28.3/) - next →: [Psalms 28:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.28.5/) - ↑ back to [Psalms 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/28/)