--- title: Psalms 31:11 — For my life is spent in sorrow, and my years in sighing; my strength… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For my life is spent in sorrow, and my years in sighing; my strength faileth because of mine iniquity, and my bones are wasted away. Who acts: strength. Psalms 31:11 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.31.11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Psalms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/31/) / 31:11 # Psalms 31:11 תְּהִלִּים **Who acts:** strength · **What happens:** spend, fail, waste away · **To what, where:** life, sorrow, bones This is Psalms 31:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — strength — and what happens in the verse to life, sorrow, bones, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּ֤י כָל֪וּ בְיָג֡וֹן חַיַּי֮ וּשְׁנוֹתַ֪י בַּאֲנָ֫חָ֥ה כָּשַׁ֣ל בַּעֲוֺנִ֣י כֹחִ֑י וַעֲצָמַ֥י עָשֵֽׁשׁוּ׃ [For my life is spent in sorrow, and my years in sighing; my strength faileth because of mine iniquity, and my bones are wasted away.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.457/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:PSA:416 # text = כִּ֤י כָל֪וּ בְיָג֡וֹן חַיַּי֮ וּשְׁנוֹתַ֪י בַּאֲנָ֫חָ֥ה כָּשַׁ֣ל בַּעֲוֺנִ֣י כֹחִ֑י וַעֲצָמַ֥י עָשֵֽׁשׁוּ׃ # verse = PSA.31.11 1 כִּ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 2 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=PSA_31:11!1|MId=o190310110011|Strong=3588 2 כָל֪וּ כָּלָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.have.wasted.away|Ref=PSA_31:11!2|MId=o190310110021|Strong=3615|Frame=A0:190310110041;|Type=qatal 3-4 בְיָג֡וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=PSA_31:11!3|MId=o190310110031|Strong=0871a 4 יָג֡וֹן יָגוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=sorrow|Ref=PSA_31:11!3|MId=o190310110032|Strong=3015 5-6 חַיַּי֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 חַיּ חַיִּים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=life|Ref=PSA_31:11!4|MId=o190310110041|Strong=2416 6 ַי֮ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=PSA_31:11!4|MId=o190310110042|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 7-9 וּשְׁנוֹתַ֪י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PSA_31:11!5|MId=o190310110051|Strong=2050b 8 שְׁנוֹת שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=years|Ref=PSA_31:11!5|MId=o190310110052|Strong=8141 9 ַ֪י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=PSA_31:11!5|MId=o190310110053|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 10-11 בַּאֲנָ֫חָ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=PSA_31:11!6|MId=o190310110061|Strong=0871a 11 אֲנָ֫חָ֥ה אֲנָחָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=groaning|Ref=PSA_31:11!6|MId=o190310110062|Strong=0585 12 כָּשַׁ֣ל כָּשַׁל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=it.has.failed|Ref=PSA_31:11!7|MId=o190310110071|Strong=3782|Frame=A0:190310110091;|Type=qatal 13-15 בַּעֲוֺנִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=PSA_31:11!8|MId=o190310110081|Strong=0871a 14 עֲוֺנ עָוֺן NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=iniquity|Ref=PSA_31:11!8|MId=o190310110082|Strong=5771 15 ִ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=PSA_31:11!8|MId=o190310110083|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 16-17 כֹחִ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 כֹח כֹּחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=strength|Ref=PSA_31:11!9|MId=o190310110091|Strong=3581 17 ִ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=PSA_31:11!9|MId=o190310110092|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 18-20 וַעֲצָמַ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PSA_31:11!10|MId=o190310110101|Strong=2050b 19 עֲצָמ עֶצֶם NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ Gloss=bones|Ref=PSA_31:11!10|MId=o190310110102|Strong=6106 20 ַ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=PSA_31:11!10|MId=o190310110103|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 21 עָשֵֽׁשׁוּ עָשֵׁשׁ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.have.wasted.away|Ref=PSA_31:11!11|MId=o190310110111|Strong=6244|Frame=A0:190310110102;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=PSA_31:11!11 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | כָלוּ *they have wasted away* | qatal · qal | חַיּ *life* | | | | | כָּשַׁל *it has failed* | qatal · qal | כֹח *strength* | | | | | עָשֵֽׁשׁוּ *they have wasted away* | qatal · qal | עֲצָמ *bones* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} אֲרוּם שְׁצִיאוּ בִּדְוָנָא חַיַי וּשְׁנַי בְּתִנְחֲתָא תְּקַל בְּחוֹבִי חֵילִי וְאֵבָרַי חֲשַׁכוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For my life is spent in sorrow, and my years in sighing; my strength faileth because of mine iniquity, and my bones are wasted away.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.457/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:PSA:416`. - ← previous: [Psalms 31:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.31.10/) - next →: [Psalms 31:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.31.12/) - ↑ back to [Psalms 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/31/)