--- title: Psalms 31:20 — Oh how abundant is Thy goodness, which Thou hast laid up for them th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Oh how abundant is Thy goodness, which Thou hast laid up for them that fear Thee; which Thou hast wrought for them that take their refuge in Thee, in the sight of the sons of men! Who acts: goodness, Thou. Psalms 31:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of ev --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.31.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Psalms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/31/) / 31:20 # Psalms 31:20 תְּהִלִּים **Who acts:** goodness, Thou · **What happens:** be, lay up, fear, wrought, take, sight · **To what, where:** goodness, Thee, refuge, sons This is Psalms 31:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — goodness, Thou — and what happens in the verse to goodness, Thee, refuge, sons, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מָ֤ה רַֽב־טוּבְךָ֮ אֲשֶׁר־צָפַ֪נְתָּ לִּֽירֵ֫אֶ֥יךָ פָּ֭עַלְתָּ לַחֹסִ֣ים בָּ֑ךְ נֶ֝֗גֶד בְּנֵ֣י אָדָם׃ [Oh how abundant is Thy goodness, which Thou hast laid up for them that fear Thee; which Thou hast wrought for them that take their refuge in Thee, in the sight of the sons of men!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.466/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:PSA:425 # text = מָ֤ה רַֽב־טוּבְךָ֮ אֲשֶׁר־צָפַ֪נְתָּ לִּֽירֵ֫אֶ֥יךָ פָּ֭עַלְתָּ לַחֹסִ֣ים בָּ֑ךְ נֶ֝֗גֶד בְּנֵ֣י אָדָם׃ # verse = PSA.31.20 1 מָ֤ה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 0 root _ Gloss=how!|Ref=PSA_31:20!1|MId=o190310200011|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 2 רַֽב־ רַב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=PSA_31:20!2|MId=o190310200021|Strong=7227|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 3-4 טוּבְךָ֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 טוּב טוּב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 nsubj _ Gloss=goodness|Ref=PSA_31:20!3|MId=o190310200031|Strong=2898 4 ְךָ֮ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[is].your|Ref=PSA_31:20!3|MId=o190310200032|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 5 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=PSA_31:20!4|MId=o190310200041|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 6 צָפַ֪נְתָּ צָפַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.have.stored.up|Ref=PSA_31:20!5|MId=o190310200051|Strong=6845|Frame=A0:190310180011;A1:190310200031;|Type=qatal 7-9 לִּֽירֵ֫אֶ֥יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לִּֽ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=for.[those]|Ref=PSA_31:20!6|MId=o190310200061|Strong=3807a 8 ירֵ֫אֶ֥י יָרֵא ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 obl _ Gloss=fearing|Ref=PSA_31:20!6|MId=o190310200062|Strong=3373|Type=adjective 9 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=you|Ref=PSA_31:20!6|MId=o190310200063|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 10 פָּ֭עַלְתָּ פָּעַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 6 parataxis _ Gloss=you.have.done|Ref=PSA_31:20!7|MId=o190310200071|Strong=6466|Frame=A0:190310180011;A1:190310200031;|Type=qatal 11-13 לַחֹסִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=PSA_31:20!8|MId=o190310200081|Strong=3807a 12 ה הַ SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=[those|Ref=PSA_31:20!8|MId=o190310200081ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 חֹסִ֣ים חָסָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 10 advcl _ Gloss=who].take.refuge|Ref=PSA_31:20!8|MId=o190310200082|Strong=2620|Type=participle_active 14-15 בָּ֑ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=PSA_31:20!9|MId=o190310200091|Strong=0871a 15 ָ֑ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=PSA_31:20!9|MId=o190310200092|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 16 נֶ֝֗גֶד נֶגֶד NOUN _ _ 10 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=PSA_31:20!10|MId=o190310200101|Strong=5048 17 בְּנֵ֣י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[the].children|Ref=PSA_31:20!11|MId=o190310200111|Strong=1121 18 אָדָם אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.humankind|Ref=PSA_31:20!12|MId=o190310200121|Strong=0120|SpaceAfter=No 19 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 18 punct _ Ref=PSA_31:20!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | צָפַנְתָּ *you have stored up* | qatal · qal | | טוּב *goodness* | | | | פָּעַלְתָּ *you have done* | qatal · qal | | טוּב *goodness* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} כְּמָא סַגִי טוּבָךְ דְאַטְשֵׁיתָא לְדָחֲלִין מִנָךְ עֲבַדְתָּא לְסָבְרִין עֲלָךְ לְמִפְרַע לְהוֹן אֲגַר טָב קֳבֵיל בְּנֵי נָשָׁא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Oh how abundant is Thy goodness, which Thou hast laid up for them that fear Thee; which Thou hast wrought for them that take their refuge in Thee, in the sight of the sons of men!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.466/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:PSA:425`. - ← previous: [Psalms 31:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.31.19/) - next →: [Psalms 31:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.31.21/) - ↑ back to [Psalms 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/31/)