--- title: Psalms 40:13 — For innumerable evils have compassed me about, mine iniquities have… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For innumerable evils have compassed me about, mine iniquities have overtaken me, so that I am not able to look up; they are more than the hairs of my head, and my heart hath failed me. Who acts: innumerable evils, iniquities, I, heart. Psalms 40:13 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JP --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.40.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Psalms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/) / [chapter 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/40/) / 40:13 # Psalms 40:13 תְּהִלִּים **Who acts:** innumerable evils, iniquities, I, heart · **What happens:** compass, overtake, not be, look up, be, fail · **To what, where:** me This is Psalms 40:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — innumerable evils, iniquities, I, heart — and what happens in the verse to me, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּ֤י אָפְפ֥וּ־עָלַ֨י ׀ רָע֡וֹת עַד־אֵ֬ין מִסְפָּ֗ר הִשִּׂיג֣וּנִי עֲ֭וֺנֹתַי וְלֹא־יָכֹ֣לְתִּי לִרְא֑וֹת עָצְמ֥וּ מִשַּֽׂעֲר֥וֹת רֹ֝אשִׁ֗י וְלִבִּ֥י עֲזָבָֽנִי׃ [For innumerable evils have compassed me about, mine iniquities have overtaken me, so that I am not able to look up; they are more than the hairs of my head, and my heart hath failed me.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.667/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:PSA:617 # text = כִּ֤י אָפְפ֥וּ־עָלַ֨י ׀ רָע֡וֹת עַד־אֵ֬ין מִסְפָּ֗ר הִשִּׂיג֣וּנִי עֲ֭וֺנֹתַי וְלֹא־יָכֹ֣לְתִּי לִרְא֑וֹת עָצְמ֥וּ מִשַּֽׂעֲר֥וֹת רֹ֝אשִׁ֗י וְלִבִּ֥י עֲזָבָֽנִי׃ # verse = PSA.40.13 1 כִּ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 2 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=PSA_40:13!1|MId=o190400130011|Strong=3588 2 אָפְפ֥וּ־ אָפַף VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.have.encompassed|Ref=PSA_40:13!2|MId=o190400130021|Strong=0661|Frame=A0:190400130041;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 3-4 עָלַ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 עָל עַל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(on)|Ref=PSA_40:13!3|MId=o190400130031|Strong=5921 4 ַ֨י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=PSA_40:13!3|MId=o190400130032|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 5 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ Ref=PSA_40:13!3 6 רָע֡וֹת רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=troubles|Ref=PSA_40:13!4|MId=o190400130041|Strong=7451b 7 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=PSA_40:13!5|MId=o190400130051|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 8 אֵ֬ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 6 nmod _ Gloss=there.[was].not|Ref=PSA_40:13!6|MId=o190400130061|Strong=0369|Type=negative 9 מִסְפָּ֗ר מִסְפָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=number|Ref=PSA_40:13!7|MId=o190400130071|Strong=4557 10-11 הִשִּׂיג֣וּנִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הִשִּׂיג֣וּ נָשַׂג VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they|Ref=PSA_40:13!8|MId=o190400130081|Strong=5381|Frame=A0:190400130082;AA:190400130091;|Type=qatal 11 נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 obj _ Gloss=have.overtaken.me|Ref=PSA_40:13!8|MId=o190400130082|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 12-13 עֲ֭וֺנֹתַי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 עֲ֭וֺנֹת עָוֺן NOUN _ Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ Gloss=iniquities|Ref=PSA_40:13!9|MId=o190400130091|Strong=5771 13 ַי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=PSA_40:13!9|MId=o190400130092|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 14-15 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PSA_40:13!10|MId=o190400130101|Strong=2050b 15 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=PSA_40:13!10|MId=o190400130102|Strong=3808|Type=negative 16 יָכֹ֣לְתִּי יָכֹל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.am.able|Ref=PSA_40:13!11|MId=o190400130111|Strong=3201|Frame=A0:190400010022;|Type=qatal 17-18 לִרְא֑וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=PSA_40:13!12|MId=o190400130121|Strong=3807a 18 רְא֑וֹת רָאָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 16 xcomp _ Gloss=see|Ref=PSA_40:13!12|MId=o190400130122|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:190400010022;|Type=infinitive_construct 19 עָצְמ֥וּ עָצֹם VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they.are.numerous|Ref=PSA_40:13!13|MId=o190400130131|Strong=6105|Frame=A0:190400130041;190400130091;|Type=qatal 20-21 מִשַּֽׂעֲר֥וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=more|Ref=PSA_40:13!14|MId=o190400130141|Strong=4480 21 שַּֽׂעֲר֥וֹת שַׂעֲרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 19 obl _ Gloss=than.the.hairs|Ref=PSA_40:13!14|MId=o190400130142|Strong=8185 22-23 רֹ֝אשִׁ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 רֹ֝אשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=my.head|Ref=PSA_40:13!15|MId=o190400130151|Strong=7218 23 ִ֗י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=PSA_40:13!15|MId=o190400130152|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 24-26 וְלִבִּ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=PSA_40:13!16|MId=o190400130161|Strong=2050b 25 לִבּ לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=PSA_40:13!16|MId=o190400130162|Strong=3820 26 ִ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=PSA_40:13!16|MId=o190400130163|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 27-28 עֲזָבָֽנִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 עֲזָב עָזַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it|Ref=PSA_40:13!17|MId=o190400130171|Strong=5800|Frame=A0:190400130162;A1:190400130172;|Type=qatal 28 ָֽנִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 27 obj _ Gloss=has.abandoned.me|Ref=PSA_40:13!17|MId=o190400130172|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=PSA_40:13!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָפְפוּ־ *they have encompassed* | qatal · qal | רָעוֹת *troubles* | | | | | הִשִּׂיגוּ *they* | qatal · hiphil | נִי *have overtaken me* | | | עֲוֺנֹת *iniquities* | | **not** יָכֹלְתִּי *I am able* | qatal · qal | | | | | | רְאוֹת *see* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | עָצְמוּ *they are numerous* | qatal · qal | רָעוֹת *troubles* + עֲוֺנֹת *iniquities* | | | | | עֲזָב *it* | qatal · qal | לִבּ *heart* | ָֽנִי *has abandoned me* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} אֲרוּם תַּקִיפִין עֲלַי בִּישִׁין עַד דְלֵית מִנְיָן אַדְבִּיקוּ יָתִי חוֹבַי וְלָא יְכֵלִית לְמֶחֱמֵי תְּקַפוּ מִן בִּינְתֵי רֵישֵׁי וְרַעְיוֹנַי שַׁבְקוּנִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For innumerable evils have compassed me about, mine iniquities have overtaken me, so that I am not able to look up; they are more than the hairs of my head, and my heart hath failed me.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.667/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:PSA:617`. - ← previous: [Psalms 40:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.40.12/) - next →: [Psalms 40:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.40.14/) - ↑ back to [Psalms 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/40/)