--- title: Psalms 48:9 — As we have heard, so have we seen in the city of the LORD of hosts,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: As we have heard, so have we seen in the city of the LORD of hosts, in the city of our God — God establish it for ever. Who acts: we, God. Psalms 48:9 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.48.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Psalms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/) / [chapter 48](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/48/) / 48:9 # Psalms 48:9 תְּהִלִּים **Who acts:** we, God · **What happens:** hear, see, establish · **To what, where:** city This is Psalms 48:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — we, God — and what happens in the verse to city, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר שָׁמַ֨עְנוּ ׀ כֵּ֤ן רָאִ֗ינוּ בְּעִיר־יְהוָ֣ה צְ֭בָאוֹת בְּעִ֣יר אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ אֱלֹ֘הִ֤ים יְכוֹנְנֶ֖הָ עַד־עוֹלָ֣ם סֶֽלָה׃ [As we have heard, so have we seen in the city of the LORD of hosts, in the city of our God — God establish it for ever.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.789/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:PSA:729 # text = כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר שָׁמַ֨עְנוּ ׀ כֵּ֤ן רָאִ֗ינוּ בְּעִיר־יְהוָ֣ה צְ֭בָאוֹת בְּעִ֣יר אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ אֱלֹ֘הִ֤ים יְכוֹנְנֶ֖הָ עַד־עוֹלָ֣ם סֶֽלָה׃ # verse = PSA.48.9 1-2 כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 6 obl _ Gloss=just|Ref=PSA_48:9!1|MId=o190480090011|Strong=3509a 2 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ Gloss=as|Ref=PSA_48:9!1|MId=o190480090012|Strong=0834|Type=relative 3 שָׁמַ֨עְנוּ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 1 acl:relcl _ Gloss=we.have.heard|Ref=PSA_48:9!2|MId=o190480090021|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:190480010032;190480120061;|Type=qatal 4 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 3 punct _ Ref=PSA_48:9!2 5 כֵּ֤ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ Gloss=so|Ref=PSA_48:9!3|MId=o190480090031|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative 6 רָאִ֗ינוּ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=we.have.seen|Ref=PSA_48:9!4|MId=o190480090041|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:190480010032;190480120061;|Type=qatal 7-8 בְּעִיר־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=PSA_48:9!5|MId=o190480090051|Strong=0871a 8 עִיר־ עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=the.city|Ref=PSA_48:9!5|MId=o190480090052|Strong=5892 9 יְהוָ֣ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=PSA_48:9!6|MId=o190480090061|Strong=3068 10 צְ֭בָאוֹת צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Plur 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.hosts|Ref=PSA_48:9!7|MId=o190480090071|Strong=6635 11-12 בְּעִ֣יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=PSA_48:9!8|MId=o190480090081|Strong=0871a 12 עִ֣יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 nmod _ Gloss=the.city|Ref=PSA_48:9!8|MId=o190480090082|Strong=5892 13-14 אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 אֱלֹהֵ֑י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=our.God|Ref=PSA_48:9!9|MId=o190480090091|Strong=0430 14 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=PSA_48:9!9|MId=o190480090092|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 15 אֱלֹ֘הִ֤ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ Gloss=God|Ref=PSA_48:9!10|MId=o190480090101|Strong=0430 16-17 יְכוֹנְנֶ֖הָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 יְכוֹנְנ כּוּן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=POLEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 parataxis _ Gloss=he|Ref=PSA_48:9!11|MId=o190480090111|Strong=3559|Frame=A0:190480090101;A1:190480090112;|Type=yiqtol 17 ֶ֖הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obj _ Gloss=will.establish.it|Ref=PSA_48:9!11|MId=o190480090112|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 18 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=PSA_48:9!12|MId=o190480090121|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 19 עוֹלָ֣ם עוֹלָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=perpetuity|Ref=PSA_48:9!13|MId=o190480090131|Strong=5769 20 סֶֽלָה סֶלָה INTJ _ _ 6 parataxis _ Gloss=Selah|Ref=PSA_48:9!14|MId=o190480090141|Strong=5542|Type=interjection|SpaceAfter=No 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=PSA_48:9!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׁמַעְנוּ *we have heard* | qatal · qal | | | | | | רָאִינוּ *we have seen* | qatal · qal | | | | | | יְכוֹנְנ *he* | yiqtol · polel | אֱלֹהִים *God* | ֶהָ *will establish it* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} יֵימְרוּן בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הֵיךְ מַה דִי שְׁמַעֲנָא הֵיכְנָא חַמֵינָא בְּקַרְתָּא דַייָ צְבָאוֹת בְּקַרְתָּא דֶאֱלָהָנָא יְיָ יְשַׁכְלְלִינָהּ עַד עַלְמֵי עַלְמִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [As we have heard, so have we seen in the city of the LORD of hosts, in the city of our God — God establish it for ever.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.789/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:PSA:729`. - ← previous: [Psalms 48:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.48.8/) - next →: [Psalms 48:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.48.10/) - ↑ back to [Psalms 48](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/48/)