--- title: Psalms 68:31 — Rebuke the wild beast of the reeds, the multitude of the bulls, with… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Rebuke the wild beast of the reeds, the multitude of the bulls, with the calves of the peoples, every one submitting himself with pieces of silver; He hath scattered the peoples that delight in war! Who acts: you, one, Jerusalem, peoples. Psalms 68:31 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.68.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Psalms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/) / [chapter 68](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/68/) / 68:31 # Psalms 68:31 תְּהִלִּים **Who acts:** you, one, Jerusalem, peoples · **What happens:** rebuke, submit, scatter, delight · **To what, where:** wild beast, Jerusalem, peoples, war This is Psalms 68:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, one, Jerusalem, peoples — and what happens in the verse to wild beast, Jerusalem, peoples, war, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. גְּעַ֨ר חַיַּ֪ת קָנֶ֡ה עֲדַ֤ת אַבִּירִ֨ים ׀ בְּעֶגְלֵ֬י עַמִּ֗ים מִתְרַפֵּ֥ס בְּרַצֵּי־כָ֑סֶף בִּזַּ֥ר עַ֝מִּ֗ים קְרָב֥וֹת יֶחְפָּֽצוּ׃ [Rebuke the wild beast of the reeds, the multitude of the bulls, with the calves of the peoples, every one submitting himself with pieces of silver; He hath scattered the peoples that delight in war!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.1121/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:PSA:1039 # text = גְּעַ֨ר חַיַּ֪ת קָנֶ֡ה עֲדַ֤ת אַבִּירִ֨ים ׀ בְּעֶגְלֵ֬י עַמִּ֗ים מִתְרַפֵּ֥ס בְּרַצֵּי־כָ֑סֶף בִּזַּ֥ר עַ֝מִּ֗ים קְרָב֥וֹת יֶחְפָּֽצוּ׃ # verse = PSA.68.31 1 גְּעַ֨ר גָּעַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=rebuke|Ref=PSA_68:31!1|MId=o190680310011|Strong=1605|Frame=A0:190680290051;A1:190680310021;|Type=imperative 2 חַיַּ֪ת חַיָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 1 obj _ Gloss=[the].animal[s]|Ref=PSA_68:31!2|MId=o190680310021|Strong=2416c 3 קָנֶ֡ה קָנֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].reed[s]|Ref=PSA_68:31!3|MId=o190680310031|Strong=7070 4 עֲדַ֤ת עֵדָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 appos _ Gloss=a.herd|Ref=PSA_68:31!4|MId=o190680310041|Strong=5712 5 אַבִּירִ֨ים אַבִּיר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.mighty.[bulls]|Ref=PSA_68:31!5|MId=o190680310051|Strong=0047|Type=adjective 6 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ Ref=PSA_68:31!5 7-8 בְּעֶגְלֵ֬י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=PSA_68:31!6|MId=o190680310061|Strong=0871a 8 עֶגְלֵ֬י עֵגֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 nmod _ Gloss=calves|Ref=PSA_68:31!6|MId=o190680310062|Strong=5695 9 עַמִּ֗ים עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.peoples|Ref=PSA_68:31!7|MId=o190680310071|Strong=5971 10 מִתְרַפֵּ֥ס רָפַס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing 1 parataxis _ Gloss=trampling|Ref=PSA_68:31!8|MId=o190680310081|Strong=7515|Frame=A0:190680310021;|Type=participle_active 11-12 בְּרַצֵּי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=PSA_68:31!9|MId=o190680310091|Strong=0871a 12 רַצֵּי־ רַץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 obl _ Gloss=pieces|Ref=PSA_68:31!9|MId=o190680310092|Strong=7518 13 כָ֑סֶף כֶּסֶף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.silver|Ref=PSA_68:31!10|MId=o190680310101|Strong=3701 14 בִּזַּ֥ר בָּזַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=he.has.scattered|Ref=PSA_68:31!11|MId=o190680310111|Strong=0967|Frame=A0:190680290051;A1:190680310121;|Type=qatal 15 עַ֝מִּ֗ים עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 obj _ Gloss=peoples|Ref=PSA_68:31!12|MId=o190680310121|Strong=5971 16 קְרָב֥וֹת קְרָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 obj _ Gloss=[which].wars|Ref=PSA_68:31!13|MId=o190680310131|Strong=7128 17 יֶחְפָּֽצוּ חָפֵץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 15 acl _ Gloss=they.delight.in|Ref=PSA_68:31!14|MId=o190680310141|Strong=2654|Frame=A0:190680310121;A1:190680310131;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 18 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 17 punct _ Ref=PSA_68:31!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | גְּעַר *rebuke* | imperative · qal | | חַיַּת *\[the\] animal\[s\]* | | | | מִתְרַפֵּס *trampling* | participle active · hithpael | חַיַּת *\[the\] animal\[s\]* | | | | | בִּזַּר *he has scattered* | qatal · piel | | עַמִּים *peoples* | | | | יֶחְפָּֽצוּ *they delight in* | yiqtol · qal | עַמִּים *peoples* | קְרָבוֹת *\[which\] wars* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} נְזוֹף בְּמַשִׁרְיַת חַיָבִין תְּרַע יַתְהוֹן הֵיךְ קַנְיָא כְּנִישַׁת גִבָּרִין דְמִתְרַחֲצִין בְּעֶגְלַיָא טַעֲוַת עַמַיָא רְעוּתֵיהּ בְּעַמָא דִי מִתְעַסְקִין בִּרְעוּתָא בְּאוֹרַיְתָא דִזְקִיקָא מִן סִימָא בַּדַר עַמַיָא דִלְאַגָחָא קְרָבָא צָבִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Rebuke the wild beast of the reeds, the multitude of the bulls, with the calves of the peoples, every one submitting himself with pieces of silver; He hath scattered the peoples that delight in war!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.1121/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:PSA:1039`. - ← previous: [Psalms 68:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.68.30/) - next →: [Psalms 68:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.68.32/) - ↑ back to [Psalms 68](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/68/)