--- title: Psalms 74:8 — They said in their heart: 'Let us make havoc of them altogether'; th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: They said in their heart: 'Let us make havoc of them altogether'; they have burned up all the meeting-places of God in the land. Who acts: men, us. Psalms 74:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.74.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Psalms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/) / [chapter 74](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/74/) / 74:8 # Psalms 74:8 תְּהִלִּים **Who acts:** men, us · **What happens:** say, let, make, burn up · **To what, where:** heart, us, havoc, meeting places, land · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Psalms 74:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, us — and what happens in the verse to heart, us, havoc, meeting places, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אָמְר֣וּ בְ֭לִבָּם נִינָ֣ם יָ֑חַד שָׂרְפ֖וּ כָל־מוֹעֲדֵי־אֵ֣ל בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ [They said in their heart: 'Let us make havoc of them altogether'; they have burned up all the meeting-places of God in the land.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.1259/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:PSA:1167 # text = אָמְר֣וּ בְ֭לִבָּם נִינָ֣ם יָ֑חַד שָׂרְפ֖וּ כָל־מוֹעֲדֵי־אֵ֣ל בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ # verse = PSA.74.8 1 אָמְר֣וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=PSA_74:8!1|MId=o190740080011|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:190740040021;|Type=qatal 2-4 בְ֭לִבָּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 בְ֭ בְּ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=PSA_74:8!2|MId=o190740080021|Strong=0871a 3 לִבּ לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obl _ Gloss=heart|Ref=PSA_74:8!2|MId=o190740080022|Strong=3820 4 ָם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=PSA_74:8!2|MId=o190740080023|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5-6 נִינָ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 נִינ נִין VERB _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 ccomp _ Gloss=let|Ref=PSA_74:8!3|MId=o190740080031|Strong=3238|Frame=A0:190740040021;A1:190740080032; 6 ָ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 obj _ Gloss=us.oppress.them|Ref=PSA_74:8!3|MId=o190740080032|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 7 יָ֑חַד יַחַד ADV _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 advmod _ Gloss=altogether|Ref=PSA_74:8!4|MId=o190740080041|Strong=3162 8 שָׂרְפ֖וּ שָׂרַף VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 parataxis _ Gloss=they.burned|Ref=PSA_74:8!5|MId=o190740080051|Strong=8313|Frame=A0:190740040021;A1:190740080071;|Type=qatal 9 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=PSA_74:8!6|MId=o190740080061|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 10 מוֹעֲדֵי־ מוֹעֵד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.appointed.places|Ref=PSA_74:8!7|MId=o190740080071|Strong=4150|SpaceAfter=No 11 אֵ֣ל אֵל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.God|Ref=PSA_74:8!8|MId=o190740080081|Strong=0410 12-14 בָּאָֽרֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=PSA_74:8!9|MId=o190740080091|Strong=0871a 13 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=PSA_74:8!9|MId=o190740080091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 אָֽרֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=land|Ref=PSA_74:8!9|MId=o190740080092|Strong=0776 15 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 14 punct _ Ref=PSA_74:8!9 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמְרוּ *they said* | qatal · qal | | | | | | נִינ *let* | | | ָם *us oppress them* | | | | שָׂרְפוּ *they burned* | qatal · qal | | מוֹעֲדֵי־ *the appointed places* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} אֲמַרוּ בְּלִבְּהוֹן בְּנֵיהוֹן כַּחֲדָא אוֹקִידוּ אֲבָהָתְהוֹן כָּל מְעַרְעַיָא אֱלָהָא בְּאַרְעָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [They said in their heart: 'Let us make havoc of them altogether'; they have burned up all the meeting-places of God in the land.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.1259/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:PSA:1167`. - ← previous: [Psalms 74:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.74.7/) - next →: [Psalms 74:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.74.9/) - ↑ back to [Psalms 74](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/74/)