--- title: Ruth 1:16 — And Ruth said: 'Entreat me not to leave thee, and to return from fol… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Ruth said: 'Entreat me not to leave thee, and to return from following after thee; for whither thou goest, I will go; and where thou lodgest, I will lodge; thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God; Who acts: Ruth, thou, I, people. Ruth 1:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.1.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ruth](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/1/) / 1:16 # Ruth 1:16 רוּת **Who acts:** Ruth, thou, I, people · **What happens:** say, entreat, not leave, return, follow, go · **To what, where:** me, thee, people · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ruth 1:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ruth, thou, I, people — and what happens in the verse to me, thee, people, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Ruth on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתֹּ֤אמֶר רוּת֙ אַל־תִּפְגְּעִי־בִ֔י לְעָזְבֵ֖ךְ לָשׁ֣וּב מֵאַחֲרָ֑יִךְ כִּ֠י אֶל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֵּלְכִ֜י אֵלֵ֗ךְ וּבַאֲשֶׁ֤ר תָּלִ֙ינִי֙ אָלִ֔ין עַמֵּ֣ךְ עַמִּ֔י וֵאלֹהַ֖יִךְ אֱלֹהָֽי׃ [And Ruth said: 'Entreat me not to leave thee, and to return from following after thee; for whither thou goest, I will go; and where thou lodgest, I will lodge; thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.18/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:RUT:15 # text = וַתֹּ֤אמֶר רוּת֙ אַל־תִּפְגְּעִי־בִ֔י לְעָזְבֵ֖ךְ לָשׁ֣וּב מֵאַחֲרָ֑יִךְ כִּ֠י אֶל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֵּלְכִ֜י אֵלֵ֗ךְ וּבַאֲשֶׁ֤ר תָּלִ֙ינִי֙ אָלִ֔ין עַמֵּ֣ךְ עַמִּ֔י וֵאלֹהַ֖יִךְ אֱלֹהָֽי׃ # verse = RUT.1.16 1-2 וַתֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_1:16!1|MId=o080010160011|Strong=2050b 2 תֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=she.said|Ref=RUT_1:16!1|MId=o080010160012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:080010160021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 רוּת֙ רוּת PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Ruth|Ref=RUT_1:16!2|MId=o080010160021|Strong=7327 4 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 5 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=RUT_1:16!3|MId=o080010160031|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 5 תִּפְגְּעִי־ פָּגַע VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=entreat|Ref=RUT_1:16!4|MId=o080010160041|Strong=6293|Frame=A0:080010140072;|Type=jussive|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 בִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=(on)|Ref=RUT_1:16!5|MId=o080010160051|Strong=0871a 7 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=RUT_1:16!5|MId=o080010160052|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 8-10 לְעָזְבֵ֖ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=RUT_1:16!6|MId=o080010160061|Strong=3807a 9 עָזְב עָזַב VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 5 advcl _ Gloss=abandon|Ref=RUT_1:16!6|MId=o080010160062|Strong=5800|Frame=A0:080010160021;A1:080010160063;|Type=infinitive_construct 10 ֵ֖ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 obj _ Gloss=you|Ref=RUT_1:16!6|MId=o080010160063|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 11-12 לָשׁ֣וּב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=RUT_1:16!7|MId=o080010160071|Strong=3807a 12 שׁ֣וּב שׁוּב VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 9 conj _ Gloss=turn.back|Ref=RUT_1:16!7|MId=o080010160072|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:080010160021;|Type=infinitive_construct 13-15 מֵאַחֲרָ֑יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=RUT_1:16!8|MId=o080010160081|Strong=4480 14 אַחֲרָ֑י אַחַר ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=RUT_1:16!8|MId=o080010160082|Strong=0310 15 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 12 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=RUT_1:16!8|MId=o080010160083|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 16 כִּ֠י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=RUT_1:16!9|MId=o080010160091|Strong=3588 17 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 20 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=RUT_1:16!10|MId=o080010160101|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 18 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=where|Ref=RUT_1:16!11|MId=o080010160111|Strong=0834|Type=relative 19 תֵּלְכִ֜י הלך VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 17 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.will.go|Ref=RUT_1:16!12|MId=o080010160121|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:080010140072;|Type=yiqtol 20 אֵלֵ֗ךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 5 advcl _ Gloss=I.will.go|Ref=RUT_1:16!13|MId=o080010160131|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:080010160021;|Type=yiqtol 21-23 וּבַאֲשֶׁ֤ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_1:16!14|MId=o080010160141|Strong=2050b 22 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 obl _ Gloss=at|Ref=RUT_1:16!14|MId=o080010160142|Strong=0871a 23 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=where|Ref=RUT_1:16!14|MId=o080010160143|Strong=0834|Type=relative 24 תָּלִ֙ינִי֙ לין VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 22 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.will.lodge|Ref=RUT_1:16!15|MId=o080010160151|Strong=3885a|Frame=A0:080010140072;|Type=yiqtol 25 אָלִ֔ין לין VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 5 conj _ Gloss=I.will.lodge|Ref=RUT_1:16!16|MId=o080010160161|Strong=3885a|Frame=A0:080010160021;|Type=yiqtol 26-27 עַמֵּ֣ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 עַמּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=RUT_1:16!17|MId=o080010160171|Strong=5971 27 ֵ֣ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=RUT_1:16!17|MId=o080010160172|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 28-29 עַמִּ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 עַמּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 parataxis _ Gloss=people|Ref=RUT_1:16!18|MId=o080010160181|Strong=5971 29 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=RUT_1:16!18|MId=o080010160182|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 30-32 וֵאלֹהַ֖יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וֵ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_1:16!19|MId=o080010160191|Strong=2050b 31 אלֹהַ֖י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 33 nsubj _ Gloss=God|Ref=RUT_1:16!19|MId=o080010160192|Strong=0430 32 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=RUT_1:16!19|MId=o080010160193|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 33-34 אֱלֹהָֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 אֱלֹה אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 conj _ Gloss=God|Ref=RUT_1:16!20|MId=o080010160201|Strong=0430 34 ָֽי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=RUT_1:16!20|MId=o080010160202|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=RUT_1:16!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תֹּאמֶר *she said* | wayyiqtol · qal | רוּת *Ruth* | | | | | **not** תִּפְגְּעִי־ *entreat* | jussive · qal | | | | | | עָזְב *abandon* | infinitive construct · qal | רוּת *Ruth* | ֵךְ *you* | | | | שׁוּב *turn back* | infinitive construct · qal | רוּת *Ruth* | | | | | תֵּלְכִי *you will go* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | אֵלֵךְ *I will go* | yiqtol · qal | רוּת *Ruth* | | | | | תָּלִינִי *you will lodge* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | אָלִין *I will lodge* | yiqtol · qal | רוּת *Ruth* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וַאֲמָרַת רוּת לָא תַקְנִיטִי בִי לְמִשְׁבְּקֵיךְ לִמְתָּב מִבָּתְרַיִךְ אֲרוּם תְּאִיבָא אֲנָא לְאִתְגַּיָּרָא אֲמַרַת נָעֳמִי אִתְפַּקַּדְנָא לְמִטַּר שַׁבַּיָּא וְיוֹמֵי טָבָא בְּדִיל דְּלָא לְהַלָּכָא בָּר מִתְּרֵין אַלְפִין אַמִּין אֲמַרַת רוּת לְכָל מָן דֵּי אַתְּ אָזְלָא אֵיזֵיל אֲמַרַת נָעֳמִי אִתְפַּקַּדְנָא דְּלָא לִמְבָּת כַּחֲדָא עִם (גּוּבְרַיָּא) עֲמָמַיָא אֲמַרַת רוּת בְּכָל אֲתַר דִּי תָּבִיתִי אֲבִית אֲמַרַת נָעֳמִי אִתְפַּקַּדְנָא לְמִנְטַר שֵׁית מְאָה וּתְלָת עֲסַר פִּקּוֹדַיָּא אֲמַרַת רוּת מַה דְּנָטְרִין עַמִּיךְ אֲהָא נָטְרָא אֲנָא כְּאִלּוּ הֲווֹ עַמִּי מִקִּדְמַת דְּנָא אֲמַרַת נָעֳמִי אִתְפַּקַּדְנָא דְּלָא לְמִפְלַח פּוּלְחָנָא נוּכְרָאָה אֲמַרַת רוּת אֱלָהִיךְ הוּא אֱלָהִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Ruth said: 'Entreat me not to leave thee, and to return from following after thee; for whither thou goest, I will go; and where thou lodgest, I will lodge; thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.18/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:RUT:15`. - ← previous: [Ruth 1:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.1.15/) - next →: [Ruth 1:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.1.17/) - ↑ back to [Ruth 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/1/)