--- title: Ruth 1:19 — So they two went until they came to Beth-lehem. And it came to pass,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: So they two went until they came to Beth-lehem. And it came to pass, when they were come to Beth-lehem, that all the city was astir concerning them, and the women said: 'Is this Naomi?' Who acts: aught, city, women, this. Ruth 1:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pra --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.1.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ruth](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/1/) / 1:19 # Ruth 1:19 רוּת **Who acts:** aught, city, women, this · **What happens:** go, come, pass, be, say · **To what, where:** Beth lehem, death, aught, Naomi · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ruth 1:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — aught, city, women, this — and what happens in the verse to Beth lehem, death, aught, Naomi, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Ruth on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתֵּלַ֣כְנָה שְׁתֵּיהֶ֔ם עַד־בֹּאָ֖נָה בֵּ֣ית לָ֑חֶם בֵּ֣ית לָ֑חֶם וַיְהִ֗י כְּבֹאָ֙נָה֙ בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם וַתֵּהֹ֤ם כָּל־הָעִיר֙ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ן וַתֹּאמַ֖רְנָה הֲזֹ֥את נָעֳמִֽי׃ [So they two went until they came to Beth-lehem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.21/) [And it came to pass, when they were come to Beth-lehem, that all the city was astir concerning them, and the women said: 'Is this Naomi?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.22/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:RUT:18 # text = וַתֵּלַ֣כְנָה שְׁתֵּיהֶ֔ם עַד־בֹּאָ֖נָה בֵּ֣ית לָ֑חֶם בֵּ֣ית לָ֑חֶם וַיְהִ֗י כְּבֹאָ֙נָה֙ בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם וַתֵּהֹ֤ם כָּל־הָעִיר֙ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ן וַתֹּאמַ֖רְנָה הֲזֹ֥את נָעֳמִֽי׃ # verse = RUT.1.19 1-2 וַתֵּלַ֣כְנָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_1:19!1|MId=o080010190011|Strong=2050b 2 תֵּלַ֣כְנָה הלך VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.went|Ref=RUT_1:19!1|MId=o080010190012|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:080010190022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 שְׁתֵּיהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 שְׁתֵּי שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 4 nummod _ Gloss=the.two|Ref=RUT_1:19!2|MId=o080010190021|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 4 הֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ Gloss=of.them|Ref=RUT_1:19!2|MId=o080010190022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=RUT_1:19!3|MId=o080010190031|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 בֹּאָ֖נָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בֹּא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=came|Ref=RUT_1:19!4|MId=o080010190041|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:080010190042;|Type=infinitive_construct 7 ָ֖נָה הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=RUT_1:19!4|MId=o080010190042|Strong=2004|Type=pronominal 8 בֵּ֣ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 6 dep _ Gloss=Bethlehem|Ref=RUT_1:19!5|MId=o080010190051 9 לָ֑חֶם לֶחֶם PROPN _ _ 8 flat:name _ Ref=RUT_1:19!5 10 בֵּ֣ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 6 dep _ Gloss=Bethlehem|Ref=RUT_1:19!6|MId=o080010190061 11 לָ֑חֶם לֶחֶם PROPN _ _ 10 flat:name _ Ref=RUT_1:19!6 12-13 וַיְהִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_1:19!7|MId=o080010190071|Strong=2050b 13 יְהִ֗י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=RUT_1:19!7|MId=o080010190072|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 14-16 כְּבֹאָ֙נָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=just|Ref=RUT_1:19!8|MId=o080010190081|Strong=3509a 15 בֹא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 13 advcl _ Gloss=as|Ref=RUT_1:19!8|MId=o080010190082|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:080010190073;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 ָ֙נָה֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ Gloss=they.came|Ref=RUT_1:19!8|MId=o080010190083|Strong=2004|Type=pronominal 17 בֵּ֣ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 15 dep _ Gloss=Bethlehem|Ref=RUT_1:19!9|MId=o080010190091 18 לֶ֔חֶם לֶחֶם PROPN _ _ 17 flat:name _ Ref=RUT_1:19!9 19 בֵּ֣ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 15 dep _ Gloss=Bethlehem|Ref=RUT_1:19!10|MId=o080010190101 20 לֶ֔חֶם לֶחֶם PROPN _ _ 19 flat:name _ Ref=RUT_1:19!10 21-22 וַתֵּהֹ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_1:19!11|MId=o080010190111|Strong=2050b 22 תֵּהֹ֤ם הוּם VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.was.stirred|Ref=RUT_1:19!11|MId=o080010190112|Strong=1949|Frame=A0:080010190112;|Type=wayyiqtol 23 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=RUT_1:19!12|MId=o080010190121|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 24-25 הָעִיר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=RUT_1:19!13|MId=o080010190131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 עִיר֙ עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=city|Ref=RUT_1:19!13|MId=o080010190132|Strong=5892 26-27 עֲלֵיהֶ֔ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=RUT_1:19!14|MId=o080010190141|Strong=5921 27 הֶ֔ן הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=RUT_1:19!14|MId=o080010190142|Strong=2004|Type=pronominal 28-29 וַתֹּאמַ֖רְנָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_1:19!15|MId=o080010190151|Strong=2050b 29 תֹּאמַ֖רְנָה אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.[fem].said|Ref=RUT_1:19!15|MId=o080010190152|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:080010190112;|Type=wayyiqtol 30-31 הֲזֹ֥את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 32 advmod _ Gloss=[is]|Ref=RUT_1:19!16|MId=o080010190161|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 31 זֹ֥את זֹאת PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 32 nsubj _ Gloss=this?|Ref=RUT_1:19!16|MId=o080010190162|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 32 נָעֳמִֽי נׇעֳמִי PROPN _ _ 29 ccomp _ Gloss=Naomi|Ref=RUT_1:19!17|MId=o080010190171|Strong=5281|SpaceAfter=No 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=RUT_1:19!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תֵּלַכְנָה *they went* | wayyiqtol · qal | הֶם *of them* | | | | | בֹּא *came* | infinitive construct · qal | ָנָה *they* | | | | | בֹא *as* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | תֵּהֹם *it was stirred* | wayyiqtol · niphal | תֵּהֹם *it was stirred* | | | | | תֹּאמַרְנָה *they \[fem\] said* | wayyiqtol · qal | תֵּהֹם *it was stirred* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וַאֲזָלָן תַּרְוֵיהוֹן עַד דְּעַלָן בֵּית לֶחֶם וַהֲוָה כַּד עַלָן לְבֵית לֶחֶם וְאַרְגִישׁוּ כָּל יָתְבֵי קַרְתָּא עֲלֵיהוֹן וַאֲמָרָן הֲדָא נָעֳמִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [So they two went until they came to Beth-lehem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.21/) 2. [And it came to pass, when they were come to Beth-lehem, that all the city was astir concerning them, and the women said: 'Is this Naomi?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.22/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:RUT:18`. - ← previous: [Ruth 1:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.1.18/) - next →: [Ruth 1:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.1.20/) - ↑ back to [Ruth 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/1/)