--- title: Ruth 1:21 — I went out full, and the LORD hath brought me back home empty; why c… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: I went out full, and the LORD hath brought me back home empty; why call ye me Naomi, seeing the LORD hath testified against me, and the Almighty hath afflicted me?' Who acts: I, LORD, ye, Almighty. Ruth 1:21 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.1.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ruth](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/1/) / 1:21 # Ruth 1:21 רוּת **Who acts:** I, LORD, ye, Almighty · **What happens:** go out, bring back, call, see, testify, afflict · **To what, where:** me · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ruth 1:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, LORD, ye, Almighty — and what happens in the verse to me, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Ruth on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אֲנִי֙ מְלֵאָ֣ה הָלַ֔כְתִּי וְרֵיקָ֖ם הֱשִׁיבַ֣נִי יְהוָ֑ה לָ֣מָּה תִקְרֶ֤אנָה לִי֙ נָעֳמִ֔י וַֽיהוָה֙ עָ֣נָה בִ֔י וְשַׁדַּ֖י הֵ֥רַֽעלִֽי׃ [I went out full, and the LORD hath brought me back home empty; why call ye me Naomi, seeing the LORD hath testified against me, and the Almighty hath afflicted me?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.24/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:RUT:20 # text = אֲנִי֙ מְלֵאָ֣ה הָלַ֔כְתִּי וְרֵיקָ֖ם הֱשִׁיבַ֣נִי יְהוָ֑ה לָ֣מָּה תִקְרֶ֤אנָה לִי֙ נָעֳמִ֔י וַֽיהוָה֙ עָ֣נָה בִ֔י וְשַׁדַּ֖י הֵ֥רַֽעלִֽי׃ # verse = RUT.1.21 1 אֲנִי֙ אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=RUT_1:21!1|MId=o080010210011|Strong=0589|Type=personal 2 מְלֵאָ֣ה מָלֵא ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 advmod _ Gloss=full|Ref=RUT_1:21!2|MId=o080010210021|Strong=4392|Type=adjective 3 הָלַ֔כְתִּי הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.went|Ref=RUT_1:21!3|MId=o080010210031|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:080010210011;|Type=qatal 4-5 וְרֵיקָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_1:21!4|MId=o080010210041|Strong=2050b 5 רֵיקָ֖ם רֵיקָם ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ Gloss=empty|Ref=RUT_1:21!4|MId=o080010210042|Strong=7387 6-7 הֱשִׁיבַ֣נִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הֱשִׁיב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=bring_back|Ref=RUT_1:21!5|MId=o080010210051|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:080010210052;AA:080010210061;|Type=qatal 7 ַ֣נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 obj _ Gloss=me|Ref=RUT_1:21!5|MId=o080010210052|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 8 יְהוָ֑ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 6 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=RUT_1:21!6|MId=o080010210061|Strong=3068 9-10 לָ֣מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לָ֣ לָמָה ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=|Ref=RUT_1:21!7|MId=o080010210071|Strong=3807a 10 מָּה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 11 obl _ Gloss=why?|Ref=RUT_1:21!7|MId=o080010210072|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 11 תִקְרֶ֤אנָה קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 3 parataxis _ Gloss=do.you.call|Ref=RUT_1:21!8|MId=o080010210081|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:080010190112;A1:080010210101;|Type=yiqtol 12-13 לִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 ל לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=RUT_1:21!9|MId=o080010210091|Strong=3807a 13 ִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 11 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=RUT_1:21!9|MId=o080010210092|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 14 נָעֳמִ֔י נׇעֳמִי PROPN _ _ 11 obj _ Gloss=Naomi|Ref=RUT_1:21!10|MId=o080010210101|Strong=5281 15-16 וַֽיהוָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_1:21!11|MId=o080010210111|Strong=2050b 16 יהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 17 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=RUT_1:21!11|MId=o080010210112|Strong=3068 17 עָ֣נָה עָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.has.testified|Ref=RUT_1:21!12|MId=o080010210121|Strong=6030|Frame=A0:080010210112;|Type=qatal 18-19 בִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=RUT_1:21!13|MId=o080010210131|Strong=0871a 19 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=RUT_1:21!13|MId=o080010210132|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 20-21 וְשַׁדַּ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=RUT_1:21!14|MId=o080010210141|Strong=2050b 21 שַׁדַּ֖י שַׁדַּי PROPN _ _ 22 nsubj _ Gloss=Almighty|Ref=RUT_1:21!14|MId=o080010210142|Strong=7706 22-24 הֵ֥רַֽעלִֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הֵ֥רַֽע רָעַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 17 conj _ Gloss=he.has.done.harm|Ref=RUT_1:21!15|MId=o080010210151|Strong=7489|Frame=A0:080010210142;|Type=qatal 23 ל לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=RUT_1:21!16|MId=o080010210161|Strong=3807a 24 ִֽי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=RUT_1:21!16|MId=o080010210162|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 25 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=RUT_1:21!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הָלַכְתִּי *I went* | qatal · qal | אֲנִי *I* | | | | | הֱשִׁיב *bring\_back* | qatal · hiphil | ַנִי *me* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | תִקְרֶאנָה *do you call* | yiqtol · qal | | נָעֳמִי *Naomi* | | | | עָנָה *he has testified* | qatal · qal | יהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | הֵרַֽע *he has done harm* | qatal · hiphil | שַׁדַּי *Almighty* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} אֲנָא מָלְיָא אֲזַלִית מִבַּעְלִי וּמִבְּנַי וְרֵקָנְיָא אֲתֵיבְנִי יְיָ מִנְּהוֹן לְמָא דֵין אַתּוּן קָרַן לִי נָעֳמִי וּמִן קֳדָם יְיָ אִתַּסְהַד בִּי חוֹבְתִי וְשַׁדַּי אַבְאֵישׁ לִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [I went out full, and the LORD hath brought me back home empty; why call ye me Naomi, seeing the LORD hath testified against me, and the Almighty hath afflicted me?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.24/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:RUT:20`. - ← previous: [Ruth 1:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.1.20/) - next →: [Ruth 1:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.1.22/) - ↑ back to [Ruth 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/1/)