--- title: Ruth 1:22 — So Naomi returned, and Ruth the Moabitess, her daughter-in-law, with… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: So Naomi returned, and Ruth the Moabitess, her daughter-in-law, with her, who returned out of the field of Moab — and they came to Beth-lehem in the beginning of barley harvest. Who acts: Naomi, daughters. Ruth 1:22 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.1.22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ruth](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/1/) / 1:22 # Ruth 1:22 רוּת **Who acts:** Naomi, daughters · **What happens:** return, come, begin · **To what, where:** field, Beth, beginning, barley harvest This is Ruth 1:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Naomi, daughters — and what happens in the verse to field, Beth, beginning, barley harvest, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Ruth on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתָּ֣שָׁב נָעֳמִ֗י וְר֨וּת הַמּוֹאֲבִיָּ֤ה כַלָּתָהּ֙ עִמָּ֔הּ הַשָּׁ֖בָה מִשְּׂדֵ֣י מוֹאָ֑ב וְהֵ֗מָּה בָּ֚אוּ בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם בִּתְחִלַּ֖ת קְצִ֥יר שְׂעֹרִֽים׃ [So Naomi returned, and Ruth the Moabitess, her daughter-in-law, with her, who returned out of the field of Moab — and they came to Beth-lehem in the beginning of barley harvest.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.25/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:RUT:21 # text = וַתָּ֣שָׁב נָעֳמִ֗י וְר֨וּת הַמּוֹאֲבִיָּ֤ה כַלָּתָהּ֙ עִמָּ֔הּ הַשָּׁ֖בָה מִשְּׂדֵ֣י מוֹאָ֑ב וְהֵ֗מָּה בָּ֚אוּ בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם בִּתְחִלַּ֖ת קְצִ֥יר שְׂעֹרִֽים׃ # verse = RUT.1.22 1-2 וַתָּ֣שָׁב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_1:22!1|MId=o080010220011|Strong=2050b 2 תָּ֣שָׁב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=she.returned|Ref=RUT_1:22!1|MId=o080010220012|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:080010220021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 נָעֳמִ֗י נׇעֳמִי PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Naomi|Ref=RUT_1:22!2|MId=o080010220021|Strong=5281 4-5 וְר֨וּת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_1:22!3|MId=o080010220031|Strong=2050b 5 ר֨וּת רוּת PROPN _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=Ruth|Ref=RUT_1:22!3|MId=o080010220032|Strong=7327 6-7 הַמּוֹאֲבִיָּ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the.Moabite|Ref=RUT_1:22!4|MId=o080010220041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 מּוֹאֲבִיָּ֤ה מוֹאָבִי NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 appos _ Gloss=[woman]|Ref=RUT_1:22!4|MId=o080010220042|Strong=4125|Type=gentilic 8-9 כַלָּתָהּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 כַלָּת כַּלָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 appos _ Gloss=daughter-in-law|Ref=RUT_1:22!5|MId=o080010220051|Strong=3618 9 ָהּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=RUT_1:22!5|MId=o080010220052|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 10-11 עִמָּ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=RUT_1:22!6|MId=o080010220061|Strong=5973 11 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 obl _ Gloss=her|Ref=RUT_1:22!6|MId=o080010220062|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 12-13 הַשָּׁ֖בָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=RUT_1:22!7|MId=o080010220071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 שָּׁ֖בָה שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 appos _ Gloss=she.returned|Ref=RUT_1:22!7|MId=o080010220072|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:080010220021;|Type=qatal 14-15 מִשְּׂדֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=RUT_1:22!8|MId=o080010220081|Strong=4480 15 שְּׂדֵ֣י שָׂדֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 obl _ Gloss=the.region(s)|Ref=RUT_1:22!8|MId=o080010220082|Strong=7704 16 מוֹאָ֑ב מוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Moab|Ref=RUT_1:22!9|MId=o080010220091|Strong=4124 17-18 וְהֵ֗מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_1:22!10|MId=o080010220101|Strong=2050b 18 הֵ֗מָּה הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=RUT_1:22!10|MId=o080010220102|Strong=1992|Type=personal 19 בָּ֚אוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.came|Ref=RUT_1:22!11|MId=o080010220111|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:080010220102;|Type=qatal 20 בֵּ֣ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 19 dep _ Gloss=Bethlehem|Ref=RUT_1:22!12|MId=o080010220121 21 לֶ֔חֶם לֶחֶם PROPN _ _ 20 flat:name _ Ref=RUT_1:22!12 22 בֵּ֣ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 19 dep _ Gloss=Bethlehem|Ref=RUT_1:22!13|MId=o080010220131 23 לֶ֔חֶם לֶחֶם PROPN _ _ 22 flat:name _ Ref=RUT_1:22!13 24-25 בִּתְחִלַּ֖ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=at.[the]|Ref=RUT_1:22!14|MId=o080010220141|Strong=0871a 25 תְחִלַּ֖ת תְּחִלָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=beginning|Ref=RUT_1:22!14|MId=o080010220142|Strong=8462 26 קְצִ֥יר קָצִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].harvest|Ref=RUT_1:22!15|MId=o080010220151|Strong=7105 27 שְׂעֹרִֽים שְׂעֹרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.barley(s)|Ref=RUT_1:22!16|MId=o080010220161|Strong=8184|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=RUT_1:22!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תָּשָׁב *she returned* | wayyiqtol · qal | נָעֳמִי *Naomi* | | | | | שָּׁבָה *she returned* | qatal · qal | נָעֳמִי *Naomi* | | | | | בָּאוּ *they came* | qatal · qal | הֵמָּה *they* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וְתַבַת נָעֳמִי וְרוּת מוֹאֲבִיתָא כַלְּתַהּ עִמַּהּ דְּתַבַת מֵחֲקַל מוֹאָב וְאִינּוּן אֲתוֹ בֵּית לֶחֶם בְּמַעֲלֵי יוֹמָא דְּפִסְחָא וּבְהַהוּא יוֹמָא שָׁרִיאוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמִחְצַד יָת עוּמְרָא דַּאֲרָמוּתָא דַּהֲוָה מִן שְׂעָרִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [So Naomi returned, and Ruth the Moabitess, her daughter-in-law, with her, who returned out of the field of Moab — and they came to Beth-lehem in the beginning of barley harvest.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.25/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:RUT:21`. - ← previous: [Ruth 1:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.1.21/) - next →: [Ruth 2:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.2.1/) - ↑ back to [Ruth 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/1/)