--- title: Ruth 1:4 — And they took them wives of the women of Moab: the name of the one w… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And they took them wives of the women of Moab: the name of the one was Orpah, and the name of the other Ruth; and they dwelt there about ten years. Who acts: sons, name. Ruth 1:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.1.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ruth](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/1/) / 1:4 # Ruth 1:4 רוּת **Who acts:** sons, name · **What happens:** take, be, dwell, name · **To what, where:** Elimelech, Orpah, one, other Ruth This is Ruth 1:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — sons, name — and what happens in the verse to Elimelech, Orpah, one, other Ruth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Ruth on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ לָהֶ֗ם נָשִׁים֙ מֹֽאֲבִיּ֔וֹת שֵׁ֤ם הָֽאַחַת֙ עָרְפָּ֔ה וְשֵׁ֥ם הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית ר֑וּת וַיֵּ֥שְׁבוּ שָׁ֖ם כְּעֶ֥שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים׃ [And they took them wives of the women of Moab: the name of the one was Orpah, and the name of the other Ruth; and they dwelt there about ten years.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.5/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:RUT:3 # text = וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ לָהֶ֗ם נָשִׁים֙ מֹֽאֲבִיּ֔וֹת שֵׁ֤ם הָֽאַחַת֙ עָרְפָּ֔ה וְשֵׁ֥ם הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית ר֑וּת וַיֵּ֥שְׁבוּ שָׁ֖ם כְּעֶ֥שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים׃ # verse = RUT.1.4 1-2 וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_1:4!1|MId=o080010040011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׂא֣וּ נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.took|Ref=RUT_1:4!1|MId=o080010040012|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:080010030081;A1:080010040031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לָהֶ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=RUT_1:4!2|MId=o080010040021|Strong=3807a 4 ָהֶ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=themselves|Ref=RUT_1:4!2|MId=o080010040022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5 נָשִׁים֙ אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=wives|Ref=RUT_1:4!3|MId=o080010040031|Strong=0802 6 מֹֽאֲבִיּ֔וֹת מוֹאָבִי NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 5 appos _ Gloss=Moabites|Ref=RUT_1:4!4|MId=o080010040041|Strong=4125|Type=gentilic 7 שֵׁ֤ם שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=the.name|Ref=RUT_1:4!5|MId=o080010040051|Strong=8034 8-9 הָֽאַחַת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=RUT_1:4!6|MId=o080010040061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 אַחַת֙ אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.one|Ref=RUT_1:4!6|MId=o080010040062|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 10 עָרְפָּ֔ה עׇרְפָּה PROPN _ _ 2 parataxis _ Gloss=[was].Orpah|Ref=RUT_1:4!7|MId=o080010040071|Strong=6204 11-12 וְשֵׁ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_1:4!8|MId=o080010040081|Strong=2050b 12 שֵׁ֥ם שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=the.name|Ref=RUT_1:4!8|MId=o080010040082|Strong=8034 13-14 הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=RUT_1:4!9|MId=o080010040091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 שֵּׁנִ֖ית שֵׁנִי NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.second|Ref=RUT_1:4!9|MId=o080010040092|Strong=8145|Type=ordinal_number 15 ר֑וּת רוּת PROPN _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=[was].Ruth|Ref=RUT_1:4!10|MId=o080010040101|Strong=7327 16-17 וַיֵּ֥שְׁבוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_1:4!11|MId=o080010040111|Strong=2050b 17 יֵּ֥שְׁבוּ יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.dwelt|Ref=RUT_1:4!11|MId=o080010040112|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:080010030081;|Type=wayyiqtol 18 שָׁ֖ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=RUT_1:4!12|MId=o080010040121|Strong=8033 19-20 כְּעֶ֥שֶׂר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=about|Ref=RUT_1:4!13|MId=o080010040131|Strong=3509a 20 עֶ֥שֶׂר עֶשֶׂר NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 nummod _ Gloss=ten|Ref=RUT_1:4!13|MId=o080010040132|Strong=6235|Type=cardinal_number 21 שָׁנִֽים שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 17 obl _ Gloss=years|Ref=RUT_1:4!14|MId=o080010040141|Strong=8141|SpaceAfter=No 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=RUT_1:4!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׂאוּ *they took* | wayyiqtol · qal | | נָשִׁים *wives* | | | | יֵּשְׁבוּ *they dwelt* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וַעֲבַרוּ עַל גְּזֵירַת מֵימְרָא דַּיָי וּנְסִיבוּ לְהוֹן נְשִׁין נוּכְרָאִין מִן בְּנָת מוֹאָב שׁוֹם חֲדָא עָרְפָּה וְשׁוֹם תִּנְיֵיתָא רוּת בַּת עֶגְלוֹן מַלְכָּא דְּמוֹאָב וִיתִיבוּ תַמָּן כִּזְמַן עֲשַׂר שְׁנִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And they took them wives of the women of Moab: the name of the one was Orpah, and the name of the other Ruth; and they dwelt there about ten years.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.5/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:RUT:3`. - ← previous: [Ruth 1:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.1.3/) - next →: [Ruth 1:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.1.5/) - ↑ back to [Ruth 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/1/)