--- title: Ruth 1:8 — And Naomi said unto her two daughters-in-law: 'Go, return each of yo… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Naomi said unto her two daughters-in-law: 'Go, return each of you to her mother's house; the LORD deal kindly with you, as ye have dealt with the dead, and with me. Who acts: Naomi, LORD, ye. Ruth 1:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.1.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ruth](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/1/) / 1:8 # Ruth 1:8 רוּת **Who acts:** Naomi, LORD, ye · **What happens:** say, go, return, deal · **To what, where:** each · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ruth 1:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Naomi, LORD, ye — and what happens in the verse to each, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Ruth on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתֹּ֤אמֶר נָעֳמִי֙ לִשְׁתֵּ֣י כַלֹּתֶ֔יהָ לֵ֣כְנָה שֹּׁ֔בְנָה אִשָּׁ֖ה לְבֵ֣ית אִמָּ֑הּ יַ֣עַשׂ יְהוָ֤ה עִמָּכֶם֙ חֶ֔סֶד כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֛ם עִם־הַמֵּתִ֖ים וְעִמָּדִֽי׃ [And Naomi said unto her two daughters-in-law: 'Go, return each of you to her mother's house; the LORD deal kindly with you, as ye have dealt with the dead, and with me.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.9/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:RUT:7 # text = וַתֹּ֤אמֶר נָעֳמִי֙ לִשְׁתֵּ֣י כַלֹּתֶ֔יהָ לֵ֣כְנָה שֹּׁ֔בְנָה אִשָּׁ֖ה לְבֵ֣ית אִמָּ֑הּ יַ֣עַשׂ יְהוָ֤ה עִמָּכֶם֙ חֶ֔סֶד כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֛ם עִם־הַמֵּתִ֖ים וְעִמָּדִֽי׃ # verse = RUT.1.8 1-2 וַתֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_1:8!1|MId=o080010080011|Strong=2050b 2 תֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=she.said|Ref=RUT_1:8!1|MId=o080010080012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:080010080021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 נָעֳמִי֙ נׇעֳמִי PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Naomi|Ref=RUT_1:8!2|MId=o080010080021|Strong=5281 4-5 לִשְׁתֵּ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=RUT_1:8!3|MId=o080010080031|Strong=3807a 5 שְׁתֵּ֣י שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 6 nummod _ Gloss=the.two|Ref=RUT_1:8!3|MId=o080010080032|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 6-7 כַלֹּתֶ֔יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 כַלֹּתֶ֔י כַּלָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=daughters-in-law|Ref=RUT_1:8!4|MId=o080010080041|Strong=3618 7 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=RUT_1:8!4|MId=o080010080042|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 8 לֵ֣כְנָה הלך VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=go|Ref=RUT_1:8!5|MId=o080010080051|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:080010080041;|Type=imperative 9 שֹּׁ֔בְנָה שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 8 parataxis _ Gloss=return|Ref=RUT_1:8!6|MId=o080010080061|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:080010080041;|Type=imperative 10 אִשָּׁ֖ה אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=[each].woman|Ref=RUT_1:8!7|MId=o080010080071|Strong=0802 11-12 לְבֵ֣ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=RUT_1:8!8|MId=o080010080081|Strong=3807a 12 בֵ֣ית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=the.house|Ref=RUT_1:8!8|MId=o080010080082|Strong=1004 13-14 אִמָּ֑הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 אִמּ אֵם NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=her.mother|Ref=RUT_1:8!9|MId=o080010080091|Strong=0517 14 ָ֑הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=RUT_1:8!9|MId=o080010080092|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 15 יַ֣עַשׂ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 parataxis _ Gloss=may.he.deal|Ref=RUT_1:8!11|MId=o080010080111|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:080010080121;A1:080010080141;|Type=jussive 16 יְהוָ֤ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 15 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=RUT_1:8!12|MId=o080010080121|Strong=3068 17-18 עִמָּכֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=RUT_1:8!13|MId=o080010080131|Strong=5973 18 ָכֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 15 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=RUT_1:8!13|MId=o080010080132|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 19 חֶ֔סֶד חֶסֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obj _ Gloss=covenant.loyalty|Ref=RUT_1:8!14|MId=o080010080141|Strong=2617 20-21 כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 15 obl _ Gloss=just|Ref=RUT_1:8!15|MId=o080010080151|Strong=3509a 21 אֲשֶׁ֧ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=as|Ref=RUT_1:8!15|MId=o080010080152|Strong=0834|Type=relative 22 עֲשִׂיתֶ֛ם עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 20 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.have.dealt|Ref=RUT_1:8!16|MId=o080010080161|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:080010080041;A1:080010080141;|Type=qatal 23 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=RUT_1:8!17|MId=o080010080171|Strong=5973|SpaceAfter=No 24-25 הַמֵּתִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=the|Ref=RUT_1:8!18|MId=o080010080181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 מֵּתִ֖ים מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 22 advcl _ Gloss=dead|Ref=RUT_1:8!18|MId=o080010080182|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:080010050091;|Type=participle_active 26-28 וְעִמָּדִֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_1:8!19|MId=o080010080191|Strong=2050b 27 עִמָּד עִמָּד NOUN _ _ 25 conj _ Gloss=with|Ref=RUT_1:8!19|MId=o080010080192|Strong=5978 28 ִֽי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=me|Ref=RUT_1:8!19|MId=o080010080193|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=RUT_1:8!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תֹּאמֶר *she said* | wayyiqtol · qal | נָעֳמִי *Naomi* | | | | | לֵכְנָה *go* | imperative · qal | כַלֹּתֶי *daughters-in-law* | | | | | שֹּׁבְנָה *return* | imperative · qal | כַלֹּתֶי *daughters-in-law* | | | | | יַעַשׂ *may he deal* | jussive · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | חֶסֶד *covenant loyalty* | | | | עֲשִׂיתֶם *you have dealt* | qatal · qal | כַלֹּתֶי *daughters-in-law* | חֶסֶד *covenant loyalty* | | | | מֵּתִים *dead* | participle active · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וַאֲמָרַת נָעֳמִי לְתַרְתֵּין כַּלָתָהָא אִיזֵילְנָא תֻבְנָא אִתְּתָא לְבֵית אִמָהּ יַעֲבֵיד יְיָ עִמְּכוֹן טִיבוּ כְּמָא דַּעֲבַדְתּוּן עִם בַּעְלֵיכוֹן שְׁכִיבַיָּא דְּסָרֵיבְתוּן לְמִסַּב גּוּבְרַיָּא בָּתַר מוֹתֵיהוֹן וְעִמִּי דְּזַנְתּוּן וְסוֹבַרְתּוּן יָתִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Naomi said unto her two daughters-in-law: 'Go, return each of you to her mother's house; the LORD deal kindly with you, as ye have dealt with the dead, and with me.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.9/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:RUT:7`. - ← previous: [Ruth 1:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.1.7/) - next →: [Ruth 1:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.1.9/) - ↑ back to [Ruth 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/1/)