--- title: Ruth 2:18 — And she took it up, and went into the city; and her mother-in-law sa… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And she took it up, and went into the city; and her mother-in-law saw what she had gleaned; and she brought forth and gave to her that which she had left after she was satisfied. Who acts: Boaz, mother. Ruth 2:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every cl --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.2.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ruth](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/2/) / 2:18 # Ruth 2:18 רוּת **Who acts:** Boaz, mother · **What happens:** take up, go, see, glean, bring, give · **To what, where:** even, city, that, Boaz · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ruth 2:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Boaz, mother — and what happens in the verse to even, city, that, Boaz, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Ruth on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתִּשָּׂא֙ וַתָּב֣וֹא הָעִ֔יר וַתֵּ֥רֶא חֲמוֹתָ֖הּ אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־לִקֵּ֑טָה וַתּוֹצֵא֙ וַתִּתֶּן־לָ֔הּ אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־הוֹתִ֖רָה מִשָּׂבְעָֽהּ׃ [And she took it up, and went into the city; and her mother-in-law saw what she had gleaned; and she brought forth and gave to her that which she had left after she was satisfied.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.44/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:RUT:39 # text = וַתִּשָּׂא֙ וַתָּב֣וֹא הָעִ֔יר וַתֵּ֥רֶא חֲמוֹתָ֖הּ אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־לִקֵּ֑טָה וַתּוֹצֵא֙ וַתִּתֶּן־לָ֔הּ אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־הוֹתִ֖רָה מִשָּׂבְעָֽהּ׃ # verse = RUT.2.18 1-2 וַתִּשָּׂא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_2:18!1|MId=o080020180011|Strong=2050b 2 תִּשָּׂא֙ נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=she.lifted.[it].up|Ref=RUT_2:18!1|MId=o080020180012|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:080020080041;A1:080020170081;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 וַתָּב֣וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_2:18!2|MId=o080020180021|Strong=2050b 4 תָּב֣וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.went|Ref=RUT_2:18!2|MId=o080020180022|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:080020080041;|Type=wayyiqtol 5-6 הָעִ֔יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=RUT_2:18!3|MId=o080020180031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 עִ֔יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=city|Ref=RUT_2:18!3|MId=o080020180032|Strong=5892 7-8 וַתֵּ֥רֶא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_2:18!4|MId=o080020180041|Strong=2050b 8 תֵּ֥רֶא רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.saw|Ref=RUT_2:18!4|MId=o080020180042|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:080020180051;A1:080020180081;|Type=wayyiqtol 9-10 חֲמוֹתָ֖הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 חֲמוֹת חֲמוֹת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=mother-in-law|Ref=RUT_2:18!5|MId=o080020180051|Strong=2545 10 ָ֖הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=RUT_2:18!5|MId=o080020180052|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 11 אֵ֣ת אֵת ADP _ _ 8 obj _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=RUT_2:18!6|MId=o080020180061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 12 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=[that].which|Ref=RUT_2:18!7|MId=o080020180071|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 13 לִקֵּ֑טָה לָקַט VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 acl:relcl _ Gloss=she.had.gleaned|Ref=RUT_2:18!8|MId=o080020180081|Strong=3950|Frame=A0:080020080041;|Type=qatal 14-15 וַתּוֹצֵא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_2:18!9|MId=o080020180091|Strong=2050b 15 תּוֹצֵא֙ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.took.[it].out|Ref=RUT_2:18!9|MId=o080020180092|Strong=3318|Frame=AA:080020080041;A0:080020180141;|Type=wayyiqtol 16-17 וַתִּתֶּן־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_2:18!10|MId=o080020180101|Strong=2050b 17 תִּתֶּן־ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 15 conj _ Gloss=she.gave|Ref=RUT_2:18!10|MId=o080020180102|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:080020080041;A1:080020180141;|Type=wayyiqtol 18-19 לָ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 ל לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=RUT_2:18!11|MId=o080020180111|Strong=3807a 19 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Gloss=her|Ref=RUT_2:18!11|MId=o080020180112|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 20 אֵ֥ת אֵת ADP _ _ 17 obj _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=RUT_2:18!12|MId=o080020180121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 21 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=[that].which|Ref=RUT_2:18!13|MId=o080020180131|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 22 הוֹתִ֖רָה יָתַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 20 acl:relcl _ Gloss=she.had.left.over|Ref=RUT_2:18!14|MId=o080020180141|Strong=3498|Frame=A0:080020080041;|Type=qatal 23-25 מִשָּׂבְעָֽהּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=RUT_2:18!15|MId=o080020180151|Strong=4480 24 שָּׂבְע שֹׂבַע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=abundance|Ref=RUT_2:18!15|MId=o080020180152|Strong=7648 25 ָֽהּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=RUT_2:18!15|MId=o080020180153|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=RUT_2:18!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תִּשָּׂא *she lifted \[it\] up* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | תָּבוֹא *she went* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | תֵּרֶא *she saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | חֲמוֹת *mother-in-law* | לִקֵּטָה *she had gleaned* | | | | לִקֵּטָה *she had gleaned* | qatal · piel | | | | | | תּוֹצֵא *she took \[it\] out* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | הוֹתִרָה *she had left over* | | | | | תִּתֶּן־ *she gave* | wayyiqtol · qal | | הוֹתִרָה *she had left over* | | | | הוֹתִרָה *she had left over* | qatal · hiphil | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וְסוֹבַרַת וְעַלַת לְקַרְתָּא וַחֲזָת חֲמוֹתָהּ יַת מַה דִּכְנַשַׁת וְאַפֵּיקַת מִן תַּרְמִילָא וִיהַבַת לַהּ יָת מְזוֹנָא דְּאִשְׁתְּאַר לַהּ מִשָׁבְעָהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And she took it up, and went into the city; and her mother-in-law saw what she had gleaned; and she brought forth and gave to her that which she had left after she was satisfied.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.44/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:RUT:39`. - ← previous: [Ruth 2:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.2.17/) - next →: [Ruth 2:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.2.19/) - ↑ back to [Ruth 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/2/)