--- title: Ruth 2:19 — And her mother-in-law said unto her: 'Where hast thou gleaned to-day… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And her mother-in-law said unto her: 'Where hast thou gleaned to-day? and where wroughtest thou? blessed be he that did take knowledge of thee.' And she told her mother-in-law with whom she had wrought, and said: 'The man's name with whom I wrought to-day is Boaz.' Who acts: mother, thou, I, name. R --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.2.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ruth](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/2/) / 2:19 # Ruth 2:19 רוּת **Who acts:** mother, thou, I, name, man · **What happens:** say, glean, wrought, bless, take, tell · **To what, where:** man, knowledge, mother, Boaz · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ruth 2:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — mother, thou, I, name, man — and what happens in the verse to man, knowledge, mother, Boaz, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Ruth on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתֹּאמֶר֩ לָ֨הּ חֲמוֹתָ֜הּ אֵיפֹ֨ה לִקַּ֤טְתְּ הַיּוֹם֙ וְאָ֣נָה עָשִׂ֔ית יְהִ֥י מַכִּירֵ֖ךְ בָּר֑וּךְ וַתַּגֵּ֣ד לַחֲמוֹתָ֗הּ אֵ֤ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשְׂתָה֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר שֵׁ֤ם הָאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשִׂ֧יתִי עִמּ֛וֹ הַיּ֖וֹם בֹּֽעַז׃ [And her mother-in-law said unto her: 'Where hast thou gleaned to-day? and where wroughtest thou? blessed be he that did take knowledge of thee.' And she told her mother-in-law with whom she had wrought, and said: 'The man's name with whom I wrought to-day is Boaz.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.45/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:RUT:40 # text = וַתֹּאמֶר֩ לָ֨הּ חֲמוֹתָ֜הּ אֵיפֹ֨ה לִקַּ֤טְתְּ הַיּוֹם֙ וְאָ֣נָה עָשִׂ֔ית יְהִ֥י מַכִּירֵ֖ךְ בָּר֑וּךְ וַתַּגֵּ֣ד לַחֲמוֹתָ֗הּ אֵ֤ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשְׂתָה֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר שֵׁ֤ם הָאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשִׂ֧יתִי עִמּ֛וֹ הַיּ֖וֹם בֹּֽעַז׃ # verse = RUT.2.19 1-2 וַתֹּאמֶר֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_2:19!1|MId=o080020190011|Strong=2050b 2 תֹּאמֶר֩ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=she.said|Ref=RUT_2:19!1|MId=o080020190012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:080020190031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לָ֨הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=RUT_2:19!2|MId=o080020190021|Strong=3807a 4 ָ֨הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=her|Ref=RUT_2:19!2|MId=o080020190022|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 5-6 חֲמוֹתָ֜הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 חֲמוֹת חֲמוֹת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=mother-in-law|Ref=RUT_2:19!3|MId=o080020190031|Strong=2545 6 ָ֜הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=RUT_2:19!3|MId=o080020190032|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 7 אֵיפֹ֨ה אֵיפֹה PART _ _ 8 advmod _ Gloss=where?|Ref=RUT_2:19!4|MId=o080020190041|Strong=0375|Type=interrogative 8 לִקַּ֤טְתְּ לָקַט VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=did.you.glean|Ref=RUT_2:19!5|MId=o080020190051|Strong=3950|Frame=A0:080020080041;|Type=qatal 9-10 הַיּוֹם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=RUT_2:19!6|MId=o080020190061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 יּוֹם֙ יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=RUT_2:19!6|MId=o080020190062|Strong=3117 11-12 וְאָ֣נָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_2:19!7|MId=o080020190071|Strong=2050b 12 אָ֣נָה אָן PRON _ PronType=Prs 13 advmod _ Gloss=where?|Ref=RUT_2:19!7|MId=o080020190072|Strong=0575 13 עָשִׂ֔ית עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 8 conj _ Gloss=did.you.work|Ref=RUT_2:19!8|MId=o080020190081|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:080020080041;|Type=qatal 14 יְהִ֥י הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 17 cop _ Gloss=may.he.be|Ref=RUT_2:19!9|MId=o080020190091|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:080020190101;|Type=jussive 15-16 מַכִּירֵ֖ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 מַכִּיר נָכַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=the.[one|Ref=RUT_2:19!10|MId=o080020190101|Strong=5234|Frame=A1:080020190102;|Type=participle_active 16 ֵ֖ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=who].paid.regard.to.you|Ref=RUT_2:19!10|MId=o080020190102|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 17 בָּר֑וּךְ בָּרַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 8 parataxis _ Gloss=blessed|Ref=RUT_2:19!11|MId=o080020190111|Strong=1288|Frame=A1:080020190101;|Type=participle_passive 18-19 וַתַּגֵּ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_2:19!12|MId=o080020190121|Strong=2050b 19 תַּגֵּ֣ד נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.told|Ref=RUT_2:19!12|MId=o080020190122|Strong=5046|Frame=AA:080020080041;A0:080020190161;|Type=wayyiqtol 20-22 לַחֲמוֹתָ֗הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=RUT_2:19!13|MId=o080020190131|Strong=3807a 21 חֲמוֹת חֲמוֹת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=mother-in-law|Ref=RUT_2:19!13|MId=o080020190132|Strong=2545 22 ָ֗הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=RUT_2:19!13|MId=o080020190133|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 23 אֵ֤ת אֵת ADP _ _ 19 obj _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=RUT_2:19!14|MId=o080020190141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 24 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=RUT_2:19!15|MId=o080020190151|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 25 עָשְׂתָה֙ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 23 acl:relcl _ Gloss=she.had.worked|Ref=RUT_2:19!16|MId=o080020190161|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:080020080041;|Type=qatal 26-27 עִמּ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=RUT_2:19!17|MId=o080020190171|Strong=5973 27 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=RUT_2:19!17|MId=o080020190172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 28-29 וַתֹּ֗אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_2:19!18|MId=o080020190181|Strong=2050b 29 תֹּ֗אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.said|Ref=RUT_2:19!18|MId=o080020190182|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:080020080041;|Type=wayyiqtol 30 שֵׁ֤ם שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 nsubj _ Gloss=the.name|Ref=RUT_2:19!19|MId=o080020190191|Strong=8034 31-32 הָאִישׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=RUT_2:19!20|MId=o080020190201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 אִישׁ֙ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.man|Ref=RUT_2:19!20|MId=o080020190202|Strong=0376 33 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 34 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=RUT_2:19!21|MId=o080020190211|Strong=0834|Type=relative 34 עָשִׂ֧יתִי עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 32 acl:relcl _ Gloss=I.worked|Ref=RUT_2:19!22|MId=o080020190221|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:080020080041;|Type=qatal 35-36 עִמּ֛וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=RUT_2:19!23|MId=o080020190231|Strong=5973 36 ֛וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=RUT_2:19!23|MId=o080020190232|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 37-38 הַיּ֖וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 38 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=RUT_2:19!24|MId=o080020190241|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 יּ֖וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=RUT_2:19!24|MId=o080020190242|Strong=3117 39 בֹּֽעַז בֹּעַז PROPN _ _ 29 ccomp _ Gloss=[is].Boaz|Ref=RUT_2:19!25|MId=o080020190251|Strong=1162|SpaceAfter=No 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=RUT_2:19!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תֹּאמֶר *she said* | wayyiqtol · qal | חֲמוֹת *mother-in-law* | | | | | לִקַּטְתְּ *did you glean* | qatal · piel | | | | | | עָשִׂית *did you work* | qatal · qal | | | | | | יְהִי *may he be* | jussive · qal | מַכִּיר *the \[one* | | | | | מַכִּיר *the \[one* | participle active · hiphil | | ֵךְ *who\] paid regard to you* | | | | בָּרוּךְ *blessed* | participle passive · qal | | מַכִּיר *the \[one* | | | | תַּגֵּד *she told* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | עָשְׂתָה *she had worked* | | | | | עָשְׂתָה *she had worked* | qatal · qal | | | | | | תֹּאמֶר *she said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | עָשִׂיתִי *I worked* | qatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וַאֲמַרַת לַהּ חֲמוֹתָהּ לְאָן צְבַרְתְּ יוֹמָא דֵין וּלְאָן אִשְׁתַּדַּלְתְּ לְמֶעֱבַד יְהֵי גּוּבְרָא דְּאִשְׁתְּמוֹדַע לִיךְ מְבָרַךְ וְחַוִּיאַת לַחֲמָתַהּ יָת דְּאִשְׁתַּדַּלַת לְמֶעֱבַד עִמֵּיהּ וַאֲמַרַת שׁוּם גַבְרָא דְּאִשְׁתַּדַּלִית לְמֶעֱבַד עִמֵּיהּ יוֹמָא דֵין מִתְקְרִי בּוֹעַז: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And her mother-in-law said unto her: 'Where hast thou gleaned to-day? and where wroughtest thou? blessed be he that did take knowledge of thee.' And she told her mother-in-law with whom she had wrought, and said: 'The man's name with whom I wrought to-day is Boaz.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.45/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:RUT:40`. - ← previous: [Ruth 2:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.2.18/) - next →: [Ruth 2:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.2.20/) - ↑ back to [Ruth 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/2/)