--- title: Ruth 3:14 — And she lay at his feet until the morning; and she rose up before on… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And she lay at his feet until the morning; and she rose up before one could discern another. For he said: 'Let it not be known that the woman came to the threshing-floor.' Who acts: mother, one, man, woman. Ruth 3:14 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of ever --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.3.14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ruth](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/3/) / 3:14 # Ruth 3:14 רוּת **Who acts:** mother, one, man, woman · **What happens:** lie, rise up, discern, say, let, not know · **To what, where:** feet, another, kinsman, threshing floor · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ruth 3:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — mother, one, man, woman — and what happens in the verse to feet, another, kinsman, threshing floor, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Ruth on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתִּשְׁכַּ֤ב מַרְגְּלוֹתָיוֹ֙עַד־הַבֹּ֔קֶר וַתָּ֕קָם בְּטֶ֛רֶם יַכִּ֥יר אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֑הוּ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַל־יִוָּדַ֔ע כִּי־בָ֥אָה הָאִשָּׁ֖ה הַגֹּֽרֶן׃ [And she lay at his feet until the morning; and she rose up before one could discern another.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.64/) [For he said: 'Let it not be known that the woman came to the threshing-floor.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.65/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:RUT:58 # text = וַתִּשְׁכַּ֤ב מַרְגְּלוֹתָיוֹ֙עַד־הַבֹּ֔קֶר וַתָּ֕קָם בְּטֶ֛רֶם יַכִּ֥יר אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֑הוּ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַל־יִוָּדַ֔ע כִּי־בָ֥אָה הָאִשָּׁ֖ה הַגֹּֽרֶן׃ # verse = RUT.3.14 1-2 וַתִּשְׁכַּ֤ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_3:14!1|MId=o080030140011|Strong=2050b 2 תִּשְׁכַּ֤ב שָׁכַב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=she.lay.down|Ref=RUT_3:14!1|MId=o080030140012|Strong=7901|Frame=A0:080030080081;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-5 מַרְגְּלוֹתָיוֹ֙עַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 מַרְגְּלוֹתָי מַרְגְּלֹת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=feet|Ref=RUT_3:14!3|MId=o080030140031|Strong=4772 4 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=RUT_3:14!3|MId=o080030140032|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=RUT_3:14!4|MId=o080030140041|Strong=5704 6-7 הַבֹּ֔קֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=RUT_3:14!5|MId=o080030140051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 בֹּ֔קֶר בֹּקֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=morning|Ref=RUT_3:14!5|MId=o080030140052|Strong=1242 8-9 וַתָּ֕קָם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_3:14!6|MId=o080030140061|Strong=2050b 9 תָּ֕קָם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.arose|Ref=RUT_3:14!6|MId=o080030140062|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:080030080081;|Type=wayyiqtol 10-11 בְּטֶ֛רֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=RUT_3:14!8|MId=o080030140081|Strong=0871a 11 טֶ֛רֶם טֶרֶם ADV _ _ 12 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=RUT_3:14!8|MId=o080030140082|Strong=2962 12 יַכִּ֥יר נָכַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 9 parataxis _ Gloss=he.recognized|Ref=RUT_3:14!9|MId=o080030140091|Strong=5234|Frame=AA:080030140101;A0:080030140121;|Type=yiqtol 13 אִ֖ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=anyone|Ref=RUT_3:14!10|MId=o080030140101|Strong=0376 14 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=RUT_3:14!11|MId=o080030140111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 רֵעֵ֑הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 רֵע רֵעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obj _ Gloss=neighbor|Ref=RUT_3:14!12|MId=o080030140121|Strong=7453 16 ֵ֑הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=RUT_3:14!12|MId=o080030140122|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 17-18 וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_3:14!13|MId=o080030140131|Strong=2050b 18 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=RUT_3:14!13|MId=o080030140132|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:080030080052;|Type=wayyiqtol 19 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 20 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=RUT_3:14!14|MId=o080030140141|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 20 יִוָּדַ֔ע יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 18 ccomp _ Gloss=let.it.be.known|Ref=RUT_3:14!15|MId=o080030140151|Strong=3045|Frame=A1:080030140171;|Type=jussive 21 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=RUT_3:14!16|MId=o080030140161|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 22 בָ֥אָה בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 20 nsubj _ Gloss=she.came|Ref=RUT_3:14!17|MId=o080030140171|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:080030140182;|Type=qatal 23-24 הָאִשָּׁ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=RUT_3:14!18|MId=o080030140181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 אִשָּׁ֖ה אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ Gloss=woman|Ref=RUT_3:14!18|MId=o080030140182|Strong=0802 25-26 הַגֹּֽרֶן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the.threshing|Ref=RUT_3:14!19|MId=o080030140191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 גֹּֽרֶן גֹּרֶן NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=floor|Ref=RUT_3:14!19|MId=o080030140192|Strong=1637 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=RUT_3:14!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תִּשְׁכַּב *she lay down* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | תָּקָם *she arose* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יַכִּיר *he recognized* | yiqtol · hiphil | רֵע *neighbor* | | | אִישׁ *anyone* | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | **not** יִוָּדַע *let it be known* | jussive · niphal | | בָאָה *she came* | | | | בָאָה *she came* | qatal · qal | אִשָּׁה *woman* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וּדְמָכִית לָקֳבֵיל רַגְלוֹי עַד צַפְרָא וְקַמַת בִּקְרִיצְתָא עַד לָא אִשְׁתְּמוֹדַע גְּבַר יָת חַבְרֵיהּ מִן קֳדָם חֲשׁוֹכָא וַאֲמַר לְעוּלֵימוֹי לָא יִשְׁתְּמוֹדַע לִגְבַר אֲרוּם אָתַת אִתְּתָא לְאִדְּרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And she lay at his feet until the morning; and she rose up before one could discern another.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.64/) 2. [For he said: 'Let it not be known that the woman came to the threshing-floor.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.65/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:RUT:58`. - ← previous: [Ruth 3:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.3.13/) - next →: [Ruth 3:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.3.15/) - ↑ back to [Ruth 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/3/)