--- title: Ruth 3:9 — And he said: 'Who art thou?' And she answered: 'I am Ruth thine hand… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he said: 'Who art thou?' And she answered: 'I am Ruth thine handmaid; spread therefore thy skirt over thy handmaid; for thou art a near kinsman.' Who acts: man, thou, woman, I. Ruth 3:9 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.3.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ruth](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/3/) / 3:9 # Ruth 3:9 רוּת **Who acts:** man, thou, woman, I · **What happens:** say, be, answer, spread · **To what, where:** Ruth, skirt, handmaid, near kinsman · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ruth 3:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — man, thou, woman, I — and what happens in the verse to Ruth, skirt, handmaid, near kinsman, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Ruth on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מִי־אָ֑תּוַתֹּ֗אמֶר אָנֹכִי֙ ר֣וּת אֲמָתֶ֔ךָ וּפָרַשְׂתָּ֤ כְנָפֶ֙ךָ֙ עַל־אֲמָ֣תְךָ֔ כִּ֥י גֹאֵ֖ל אָֽתָּה׃ [And he said: 'Who art thou?' And she answered: 'I am Ruth thine handmaid; spread therefore thy skirt over thy handmaid; for thou art a near kinsman.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.59/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:RUT:53 # text = וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מִי־אָ֑תּוַתֹּ֗אמֶר אָנֹכִי֙ ר֣וּת אֲמָתֶ֔ךָ וּפָרַשְׂתָּ֤ כְנָפֶ֙ךָ֙ עַל־אֲמָ֣תְךָ֔ כִּ֥י גֹאֵ֖ל אָֽתָּה׃ # verse = RUT.3.9 1-2 וַיֹּ֖אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_3:9!1|MId=o080030090011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֖אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=RUT_3:9!1|MId=o080030090012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:080030080052;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 מִי־ מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 2 ccomp _ Gloss=who?|Ref=RUT_3:9!2|MId=o080030090021|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 4-6 אָ֑תּוַתֹּ֗אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 אָ֑תּ אַתְּ PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ Gloss=[are].you|Ref=RUT_3:9!3|MId=o080030090031|Strong=0859b|Type=personal 5 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_3:9!4|MId=o080030090041|Strong=2050b 6 תֹּ֗אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.said|Ref=RUT_3:9!4|MId=o080030090042|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:080030080081;|Type=wayyiqtol 7 אָנֹכִי֙ אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=RUT_3:9!5|MId=o080030090051|Strong=0595|Type=personal 8 ר֣וּת רוּת PROPN _ _ 6 ccomp _ Gloss=[am].Ruth|Ref=RUT_3:9!6|MId=o080030090061|Strong=7327 9-10 אֲמָתֶ֔ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 אֲמָת אָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 appos _ Gloss=maidservant|Ref=RUT_3:9!7|MId=o080030090071|Strong=0519 10 ֶ֔ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=RUT_3:9!7|MId=o080030090072|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 11-12 וּפָרַשְׂתָּ֤ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_3:9!8|MId=o080030090081|Strong=2050b 12 פָרַשְׂתָּ֤ פָּרַשׂ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 8 conj _ Gloss=you.will.spread.out|Ref=RUT_3:9!8|MId=o080030090082|Strong=6566|Frame=A0:080030080052;A1:080030090091;|Type=weqatal 13-14 כְנָפֶ֙ךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 כְנָפ כָּנָף NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 obj _ Gloss=skirt|Ref=RUT_3:9!9|MId=o080030090091|Strong=3671 14 ֶ֙ךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=RUT_3:9!9|MId=o080030090092|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 15 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=RUT_3:9!10|MId=o080030090101|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 16-17 אֲמָ֣תְךָ֔ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 אֲמָ֣ת אָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=maidservant|Ref=RUT_3:9!11|MId=o080030090111|Strong=0519 17 ְךָ֔ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=RUT_3:9!11|MId=o080030090112|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 18 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=RUT_3:9!12|MId=o080030090121|Strong=3588 19 גֹאֵ֖ל גָּאַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 8 advcl _ Gloss=[are].a.kinsman-redeemer|Ref=RUT_3:9!13|MId=o080030090131|Strong=1350|Frame=A0:080030080052;|Type=participle_active 20 אָֽתָּה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=RUT_3:9!14|MId=o080030090141|Strong=0859|Type=personal|SpaceAfter=No 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=RUT_3:9!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | תֹּאמֶר *she said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | פָרַשְׂתָּ *you will spread out* | weqatal · qal | | כְנָפ *skirt* | | | | גֹאֵל *\[are\] a kinsman-redeemer* | participle active · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר מַן אַתְּ וַאֲמַרַת אֲנָא רוּת אַמְתָּךְ וְיִתְקְרֵי שְׁמָךְ עַל אַמְתָּךְ לְמִסְּבִי לְאִנְתּוּ אֲרוּם פָּרִיק אַנְתְּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he said: 'Who art thou?' And she answered: 'I am Ruth thine handmaid; spread therefore thy skirt over thy handmaid; for thou art a near kinsman.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.59/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:RUT:53`. - ← previous: [Ruth 3:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.3.8/) - next →: [Ruth 3:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.3.10/) - ↑ back to [Ruth 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/3/)