--- title: Ruth 4:1 — Now Boaz went up to the gate, and sat him down there; and, behold, t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now Boaz went up to the gate, and sat him down there; and, behold, the near kinsman of whom Boaz spoke came by; unto whom he said: 'Ho, such a one! turn aside, sit down here.' And he turned aside, and sat down. Who acts: Boaz, near kinsman. Ruth 4:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JP --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.4.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ruth](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/4/) / 4:1 # Ruth 4:1 רוּת **Who acts:** Boaz, near kinsman · **What happens:** go up, sit down, speak, come by, say, turn · **To what, where:** him · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ruth 4:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Boaz, near kinsman — and what happens in the verse to him, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Ruth on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּבֹ֨עַז עָלָ֣ה הַשַּׁעַר֮ וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב שָׁם֒ וְהִנֵּ֨ה הַגֹּאֵ֤ל עֹבֵר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּר־בֹּ֔עַז וַיֹּ֛אמֶר ס֥וּרָה שְׁבָה־פֹּ֖ה פְּלֹנִ֣י אַלְמֹנִ֑י וַיָּ֖סַר וַיֵּשֵֽׁב׃ [Now Boaz went up to the gate, and sat him down there; and, behold, the near kinsman of whom Boaz spoke came by; unto whom he said: 'Ho, such a one! turn aside, sit down here.' And he turned aside, and sat down.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.70/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:RUT:63 # text = וּבֹ֨עַז עָלָ֣ה הַשַּׁעַר֮ וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב שָׁם֒ וְהִנֵּ֨ה הַגֹּאֵ֤ל עֹבֵר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּר־בֹּ֔עַז וַיֹּ֛אמֶר ס֥וּרָה שְׁבָה־פֹּ֖ה פְּלֹנִ֣י אַלְמֹנִ֑י וַיָּ֖סַר וַיֵּשֵֽׁב׃ # verse = RUT.4.1 1-2 וּבֹ֨עַז _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_4:1!1|MId=o080040010011|Strong=2050b 2 בֹ֨עַז בֹּעַז PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Boaz|Ref=RUT_4:1!1|MId=o080040010012|Strong=1162 3 עָלָ֣ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.went.up|Ref=RUT_4:1!2|MId=o080040010021|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:080040010012;|Type=qatal 4-5 הַשַּׁעַר֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=RUT_4:1!3|MId=o080040010031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 שַּׁעַר֮ שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=gate|Ref=RUT_4:1!3|MId=o080040010032|Strong=8179 6-7 וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_4:1!4|MId=o080040010041|Strong=2050b 7 יֵּ֣שֶׁב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.sat.down|Ref=RUT_4:1!4|MId=o080040010042|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:080040010012;|Type=wayyiqtol 8 שָׁם֒ שָׁם ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=RUT_4:1!5|MId=o080040010051|Strong=8033 9-10 וְהִנֵּ֨ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_4:1!6|MId=o080040010061|Strong=2050b 10 הִנֵּ֨ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 13 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=RUT_4:1!6|MId=o080040010062|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 11-12 הַגֹּאֵ֤ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ Gloss=the|Ref=RUT_4:1!7|MId=o080040010071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 גֹּאֵ֤ל גָּאַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ Gloss=kinsman-redeemer|Ref=RUT_4:1!7|MId=o080040010072|Strong=1350|Type=participle_active 13 עֹבֵר֙ עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=[was].passing.by|Ref=RUT_4:1!8|MId=o080040010081|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:080040010072;|Type=participle_active 14 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=RUT_4:1!9|MId=o080040010091|Strong=0834|Type=relative 15 דִּבֶּר־ דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 12 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.spoken|Ref=RUT_4:1!10|MId=o080040010101|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:080040010111;A1:080040010072;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 16 בֹּ֔עַז בֹּעַז PROPN _ _ 15 nsubj _ Gloss=Boaz|Ref=RUT_4:1!11|MId=o080040010111|Strong=1162 17-18 וַיֹּ֛אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_4:1!12|MId=o080040010121|Strong=2050b 18 יֹּ֛אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=RUT_4:1!12|MId=o080040010122|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:080040010111;|Type=wayyiqtol 19-20 ס֥וּרָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 ס֥וּר סוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 18 ccomp _ Gloss=turn|Ref=RUT_4:1!13|MId=o080040010131|Strong=5493|Frame=A0:080040010161;|Type=imperative 20 ָה ה X _ _ 19 nmod _ Gloss=aside|Ref=RUT_4:1!13|MId=o080040010132|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 21-22 שְׁבָה־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 שְׁב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 19 parataxis _ Gloss=sit|Ref=RUT_4:1!14|MId=o080040010141|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:080040010161;|Type=imperative 22 ָה־ ה X _ _ 21 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=RUT_4:1!14|MId=o080040010142|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 23 פֹּ֖ה פֹּה ADV _ _ 21 advmod _ Gloss=here|Ref=RUT_4:1!15|MId=o080040010151|Strong=6311 24 פְּלֹנִ֣י פְּלֹנִי ADJ _ _ 19 parataxis _ Gloss=a.certain.one|Ref=RUT_4:1!16|MId=o080040010161|Strong=6423|Type=indefinite 25 אַלְמֹנִ֑י אַלְמֹנִי ADJ _ Number=Sing 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=a.certain.one|Ref=RUT_4:1!17|MId=o080040010171|Strong=0492|Type=adjective 26-27 וַיָּ֖סַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_4:1!18|MId=o080040010181|Strong=2050b 27 יָּ֖סַר סוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.turned.aside|Ref=RUT_4:1!18|MId=o080040010182|Strong=5493|Frame=A0:080040010072;|Type=wayyiqtol 28-29 וַיֵּשֵֽׁב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_4:1!19|MId=o080040010191|Strong=2050b 29 יֵּשֵֽׁב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 27 conj _ Gloss=he.sat.down|Ref=RUT_4:1!19|MId=o080040010192|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:080040010072;|Type=wayyiqtol 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=RUT_4:1!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עָלָה *he went up* | qatal · qal | בֹעַז *Boaz* | | | | | יֵּשֶׁב *he sat down* | wayyiqtol · qal | בֹעַז *Boaz* | | | | | עֹבֵר *\[was\] passing by* | participle active · qal | גֹּאֵל *kinsman-redeemer* | | | | | דִּבֶּר־ *he had spoken* | qatal · piel | בֹּעַז *Boaz* | גֹּאֵל *kinsman-redeemer* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | בֹּעַז *Boaz* | | | | | סוּר *turn* | imperative · qal | פְּלֹנִי *a certain one* | | | | | שְׁב *sit* | imperative · qal | פְּלֹנִי *a certain one* | | | | | יָּסַר *he turned aside* | wayyiqtol · qal | גֹּאֵל *kinsman-redeemer* | | | | | יֵּשֵֽׁב *he sat down* | wayyiqtol · qal | גֹּאֵל *kinsman-redeemer* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וּבוֹעַז סְלֵיק לִתְרַע בֵּית דִּינָא דְּסַנְהֶדְּרִין וִיתֵיב תַּמָּן עִם סָבַיָּא וְהָא פָּרִיקָא חֲלַף דְּמַלֵּיל בּוֹעַז לְרוּת וַאֲמַר סְטִי תִּיב הָכָא גְּבַר דִּצְנִיעָן אוֹרְחָתֵיהּ וּסְטָא וִיתִיב: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now Boaz went up to the gate, and sat him down there; and, behold, the near kinsman of whom Boaz spoke came by; unto whom he said: 'Ho, such a one! turn aside, sit down here.' And he turned aside, and sat down.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.70/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:RUT:63`. - ← previous: [Ruth 3:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.3.18/) - next →: [Ruth 4:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.4.2/) - ↑ back to [Ruth 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/4/)