--- title: Ruth 4:10 — Moreover Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of Mahlon, have I acquired to… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Moreover Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of Mahlon, have I acquired to be my wife, to raise up the name of the dead upon his inheritance, that the name of the dead be not cut off from among his brethren, and from the gate of his place; ye are witnesses this day.' Who acts: Ruth, ye, Mahlon. Ruth 4:10 i --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.4.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ruth](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/4/) / 4:10 # Ruth 4:10 רוּת **Who acts:** Ruth, ye, Mahlon · **What happens:** acquire, be, raise up, not cut off, name, inherit · **To what, where:** wife, name, inheritance, brethren, witnesses, dead This is Ruth 4:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ruth, ye, Mahlon — and what happens in the verse to wife, name, inheritance, brethren, witnesses, dead, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Ruth on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְגַ֣ם אֶת־ר֣וּת הַמֹּאֲבִיָּה֩ אֵ֨שֶׁת מַחְל֜וֹן קָנִ֧יתִי לִ֣י לְאִשָּׁ֗ה לְהָקִ֤ים שֵׁם־הַמֵּת֙ עַל־נַ֣חֲלָת֔וֹ וְלֹא־יִכָּרֵ֧ת שֵׁם־הַמֵּ֛ת מֵעִ֥ם אֶחָ֖יו וּמִשַּׁ֣עַר מְקוֹמ֑וֹ עֵדִ֥ים אַתֶּ֖ם הַיּֽוֹם׃ [Moreover Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of Mahlon, have I acquired to be my wife, to raise up the name of the dead upon his inheritance, that the name of the dead be not cut off from among his brethren, and from the gate of his place; ye are witnesses this day.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.80/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:RUT:72 # text = וְגַ֣ם אֶת־ר֣וּת הַמֹּאֲבִיָּה֩ אֵ֨שֶׁת מַחְל֜וֹן קָנִ֧יתִי לִ֣י לְאִשָּׁ֗ה לְהָקִ֤ים שֵׁם־הַמֵּת֙ עַל־נַ֣חֲלָת֔וֹ וְלֹא־יִכָּרֵ֧ת שֵׁם־הַמֵּ֛ת מֵעִ֥ם אֶחָ֖יו וּמִשַּׁ֣עַר מְקוֹמ֑וֹ עֵדִ֥ים אַתֶּ֖ם הַיּֽוֹם׃ # verse = RUT.4.10 1-2 וְגַ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_4:10!1|MId=o080040100011|Strong=2050b 2 גַ֣ם גַּם ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=RUT_4:10!1|MId=o080040100012|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 3 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=RUT_4:10!2|MId=o080040100021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 4 ר֣וּת רוּת PROPN _ _ 9 obj _ Gloss=Ruth|Ref=RUT_4:10!3|MId=o080040100031|Strong=7327 5-6 הַמֹּאֲבִיָּה֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the.Moabite|Ref=RUT_4:10!4|MId=o080040100041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 מֹּאֲבִיָּה֩ מוֹאָבִי NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 appos _ Gloss=[woman]|Ref=RUT_4:10!4|MId=o080040100042|Strong=4125|Type=gentilic 7 אֵ֨שֶׁת אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 appos _ Gloss=the.wife|Ref=RUT_4:10!5|MId=o080040100051|Strong=0802 8 מַחְל֜וֹן מַחְלוֹן PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Mahlon|Ref=RUT_4:10!6|MId=o080040100061|Strong=4248 9 קָנִ֧יתִי קָנָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.acquire|Ref=RUT_4:10!7|MId=o080040100071|Strong=7069|Frame=A0:080040090021;A1:080040100031;|Type=qatal 10-11 לִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 ל לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=RUT_4:10!8|MId=o080040100081|Strong=3807a 11 ִ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 obl _ Gloss=myself|Ref=RUT_4:10!8|MId=o080040100082|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 12-13 לְאִשָּׁ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=RUT_4:10!9|MId=o080040100091|Strong=3807a 13 אִשָּׁ֗ה אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=a.wife|Ref=RUT_4:10!9|MId=o080040100092|Strong=0802 14-15 לְהָקִ֤ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=RUT_4:10!10|MId=o080040100101|Strong=3807a 15 הָקִ֤ים קוּם VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 9 advcl _ Gloss=raise.up|Ref=RUT_4:10!10|MId=o080040100102|Strong=6965|Frame=AA:080040090021;A0:080040100111;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 שֵׁם־ שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obj _ Gloss=the.name|Ref=RUT_4:10!11|MId=o080040100111|Strong=8034|SpaceAfter=No 17-18 הַמֵּת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=RUT_4:10!12|MId=o080040100121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 מֵּת֙ מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.dead.[man]|Ref=RUT_4:10!12|MId=o080040100122|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:080040100061;|Type=participle_active 19 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=RUT_4:10!13|MId=o080040100131|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 נַ֣חֲלָת֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 נַ֣חֲלָת נַחֲלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=inheritance|Ref=RUT_4:10!14|MId=o080040100141|Strong=5159 21 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=RUT_4:10!14|MId=o080040100142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 22-23 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_4:10!15|MId=o080040100151|Strong=2050b 23 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 24 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=RUT_4:10!15|MId=o080040100152|Strong=3808|Type=negative 24 יִכָּרֵ֧ת כָּרַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 9 conj _ Gloss=it.will.be.cut.off|Ref=RUT_4:10!16|MId=o080040100161|Strong=3772|Frame=A1:080040100171;|Type=yiqtol 25 שֵׁם־ שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Gloss=the.name|Ref=RUT_4:10!17|MId=o080040100171|Strong=8034|SpaceAfter=No 26-27 הַמֵּ֛ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=RUT_4:10!18|MId=o080040100181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 מֵּ֛ת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.dead.[man]|Ref=RUT_4:10!18|MId=o080040100182|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:080040100061;|Type=participle_active 28-29 מֵעִ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=RUT_4:10!19|MId=o080040100191|Strong=4480 29 עִ֥ם עִם ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=RUT_4:10!19|MId=o080040100192|Strong=5973 30-31 אֶחָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 אֶחָ֖י אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 obl _ Gloss=brothers|Ref=RUT_4:10!20|MId=o080040100201|Strong=0251 31 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=RUT_4:10!20|MId=o080040100202|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 32-34 וּמִשַּׁ֣עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_4:10!21|MId=o080040100211|Strong=2050b 33 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=RUT_4:10!21|MId=o080040100212|Strong=4480 34 שַּׁ֣עַר שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 conj _ Gloss=the.gate|Ref=RUT_4:10!21|MId=o080040100213|Strong=8179 35-36 מְקוֹמ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 מְקוֹמ מָקוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.place|Ref=RUT_4:10!22|MId=o080040100221|Strong=4725 36 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=RUT_4:10!22|MId=o080040100222|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 37 עֵדִ֥ים עֵד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 parataxis _ Gloss=[are].witnesses|Ref=RUT_4:10!23|MId=o080040100231|Strong=5707 38 אַתֶּ֖ם אַתֶּם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 37 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=RUT_4:10!24|MId=o080040100241|Strong=0859a|Type=personal 39-40 הַיּֽוֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 40 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=RUT_4:10!25|MId=o080040100251|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 40 יּֽוֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 37 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=RUT_4:10!25|MId=o080040100252|Strong=3117 41 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 40 punct _ Ref=RUT_4:10!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | קָנִיתִי *I acquire* | qatal · qal | | רוּת *Ruth* | | | | הָקִים *raise up* | infinitive construct · hiphil | שֵׁם־ *the name* | | | | | מֵּת *the dead \[man\]* | participle active · qal | מַחְלוֹן *of Mahlon* | | | | | **not** יִכָּרֵת *it will be cut off* | yiqtol · niphal | | שֵׁם־ *the name* | | | | מֵּת *the dead \[man\]* | participle active · qal | מַחְלוֹן *of Mahlon* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וְאַף יָת רוּת מוֹאֲבִיתָא אִתַּת מַחְלוֹן קְנֵיתִי לִי לְאִנְתּוּ בְּגִין לְאָקָמָא שׁוּם שְׁכִיבָא עַל אַחְסָנְתֵיהּ וְלָא יִשְׁתֵּיצֵי שׁוּם שְׁכִיבָא מִלְּוָת אֲחוֹהִי וּמִתְּרַע סַנְהֶדְּרִין דִּבְאַתְרֵיהּ סָהֲדִין אַתּוּן עֲלַי יוֹמָא דֵין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Moreover Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of Mahlon, have I acquired to be my wife, to raise up the name of the dead upon his inheritance, that the name of the dead be not cut off from among his brethren, and from the gate of his place; ye are witnesses this day.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.80/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:RUT:72`. - ← previous: [Ruth 4:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.4.9/) - next →: [Ruth 4:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.4.11/) - ↑ back to [Ruth 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/4/)