--- title: Ruth 4:11 — And all the people that were in the gate, and the elders, said: 'We… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And all the people that were in the gate, and the elders, said: 'We are witnesses. The LORD make the woman that is come into thy house like Rachel and like Leah, which two did build the house of Israel; and do thou worthily in Ephrath, and be famous in Beth-lehem; Who acts: people, We, LORD, woman. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.4.11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ruth](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/4/) / 4:11 # Ruth 4:11 רוּת **Who acts:** people, We, LORD, woman, two, thou · **What happens:** be, say, make, come, build, do · **To what, where:** gate, witnesses, woman, house, Ephrath, Beth lehem · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ruth 4:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, We, LORD, woman, two, thou — and what happens in the verse to gate, witnesses, woman, house, Ephrath, Beth lehem, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Ruth on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ כָּל־הָעָ֧ם אֲשֶׁר־בַּשַּׁ֛עַר וְהַזְּקֵנִ֖ים עֵדִ֑ים יִתֵּן֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֶֽת־הָאִשָּׁ֜ה הַבָּאָ֣ה אֶל־בֵּיתֶ֗ךָ כְּרָחֵ֤ל ׀ וּכְלֵאָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר בָּנ֤וּ שְׁתֵּיהֶם֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַעֲשֵׂה־חַ֣יִל בְּאֶפְרָ֔תָה וּקְרָא־שֵׁ֖ם בְּבֵ֥ית לָֽחֶם בֵ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃ [And all the people that were in the gate, and the elders, said: 'We are witnesses.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.81/) [The LORD make the woman that is come into thy house like Rachel and like Leah, which two did build the house of Israel; and do thou worthily in Ephrath, and be famous in Beth-lehem;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.82/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:RUT:73 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ כָּל־הָעָ֧ם אֲשֶׁר־בַּשַּׁ֛עַר וְהַזְּקֵנִ֖ים עֵדִ֑ים יִתֵּן֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֶֽת־הָאִשָּׁ֜ה הַבָּאָ֣ה אֶל־בֵּיתֶ֗ךָ כְּרָחֵ֤ל ׀ וּכְלֵאָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר בָּנ֤וּ שְׁתֵּיהֶם֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַעֲשֵׂה־חַ֣יִל בְּאֶפְרָ֔תָה וּקְרָא־שֵׁ֖ם בְּבֵ֥ית לָֽחֶם בֵ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃ # verse = RUT.4.11 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_4:11!1|MId=o080040110011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=RUT_4:11!1|MId=o080040110012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:080040110032;080040110063;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=RUT_4:11!2|MId=o080040110021|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 הָעָ֧ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=RUT_4:11!3|MId=o080040110031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 עָ֧ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=RUT_4:11!3|MId=o080040110032|Strong=5971 6 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 9 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=RUT_4:11!4|MId=o080040110041|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 7-9 בַּשַּׁ֛עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=[was].at|Ref=RUT_4:11!5|MId=o080040110051|Strong=0871a 8 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=RUT_4:11!5|MId=o080040110051ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 שַּׁ֛עַר שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=gate|Ref=RUT_4:11!5|MId=o080040110052|Strong=8179 10-12 וְהַזְּקֵנִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_4:11!6|MId=o080040110061|Strong=2050b 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=RUT_4:11!6|MId=o080040110062|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 זְּקֵנִ֖ים זָקֵן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 conj _ Gloss=elders|Ref=RUT_4:11!6|MId=o080040110063|Strong=2205|Type=adjective 13 עֵדִ֑ים עֵד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 ccomp _ Gloss=[we.are].witnesses|Ref=RUT_4:11!7|MId=o080040110071|Strong=5707 14 יִתֵּן֩ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 13 parataxis _ Gloss=may.he.make|Ref=RUT_4:11!8|MId=o080040110081|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:080040110091;A1:080040110112;|Type=yiqtol 15 יְהוָ֨ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 14 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=RUT_4:11!9|MId=o080040110091|Strong=3068 16 אֶֽת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=RUT_4:11!10|MId=o080040110101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 17-18 הָאִשָּׁ֜ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=RUT_4:11!11|MId=o080040110111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 אִשָּׁ֜ה אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=woman|Ref=RUT_4:11!11|MId=o080040110112|Strong=0802 19-20 הַבָּאָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=[who|Ref=RUT_4:11!12|MId=o080040110121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 בָּאָ֣ה בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 18 acl:relcl _ Gloss=is].about.to.come|Ref=RUT_4:11!12|MId=o080040110122|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:080040110112;|Type=participle_active 21 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=RUT_4:11!13|MId=o080040110131|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 בֵּיתֶ֗ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בֵּית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=house|Ref=RUT_4:11!14|MId=o080040110141|Strong=1004 23 ֶ֗ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=RUT_4:11!14|MId=o080040110142|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 24-25 כְּרָחֵ֤ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=RUT_4:11!15|MId=o080040110151|Strong=3509a 25 רָחֵ֤ל רָחֵל PROPN _ _ 14 obl _ Gloss=Rachel|Ref=RUT_4:11!15|MId=o080040110152|Strong=7354 26 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=RUT_4:11!15 27-29 וּכְלֵאָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_4:11!16|MId=o080040110161|Strong=2050b 28 כְ כְּ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=RUT_4:11!16|MId=o080040110162|Strong=3509a 29 לֵאָה֙ לֵאָה PROPN _ _ 25 conj _ Gloss=Leah|Ref=RUT_4:11!16|MId=o080040110163|Strong=3812 30 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 31 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=RUT_4:11!17|MId=o080040110171|Strong=0834|Type=relative 31 בָּנ֤וּ בָּנָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 25 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.built|Ref=RUT_4:11!18|MId=o080040110181|Strong=1129|Frame=A0:080040110192;A1:080040110211;|Type=qatal 32-33 שְׁתֵּיהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 שְׁתֵּי שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 33 nummod _ Gloss=the.two|Ref=RUT_4:11!19|MId=o080040110191|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 33 הֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ Gloss=of.them|Ref=RUT_4:11!19|MId=o080040110192|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 34 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=RUT_4:11!20|MId=o080040110201|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 35 בֵּ֣ית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obj _ Gloss=the.house|Ref=RUT_4:11!21|MId=o080040110211|Strong=1004 36 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=RUT_4:11!22|MId=o080040110221|Strong=3478 37-38 וַעֲשֵׂה־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_4:11!23|MId=o080040110231|Strong=2050b 38 עֲשֵׂה־ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 13 conj _ Gloss=make|Ref=RUT_4:11!23|MId=o080040110232|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:080040090021;A1:080040110241;|Type=imperative 39 חַ֣יִל חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 obj _ Gloss=wealth|Ref=RUT_4:11!24|MId=o080040110241|Strong=2428 40-41 בְּאֶפְרָ֔תָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=RUT_4:11!25|MId=o080040110251|Strong=0871a 41 אֶפְרָ֔תָה אֶפְרָתָה PROPN _ _ 38 obl _ Gloss=Ephrathah|Ref=RUT_4:11!25|MId=o080040110252|Strong=0672b 42-43 וּקְרָא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 43 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_4:11!26|MId=o080040110261|Strong=2050b 43 קְרָא־ קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 13 conj _ Gloss=proclaim|Ref=RUT_4:11!26|MId=o080040110262|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:080040090021;A1:080040110271;|Type=imperative 44 שֵׁ֖ם שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 43 obj _ Gloss=a.name|Ref=RUT_4:11!27|MId=o080040110271|Strong=8034 45-46 בְּבֵ֥ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 46 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=RUT_4:11!28|MId=o080040110281|Strong=0871a 46 בֵ֥ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 43 obl _ Gloss=Bethlehem|Ref=RUT_4:11!28|MId=o080040110282 47 לָֽחֶם לֶחֶם PROPN _ _ 46 flat:name _ Ref=RUT_4:11!28 48 בֵ֥ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 46 nmod _ Gloss=Bethlehem|Ref=RUT_4:11!29|MId=o080040110291 49 לָֽחֶם לֶחֶם PROPN _ _ 48 flat:name _ Ref=RUT_4:11!29|SpaceAfter=No 50 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 48 punct _ Ref=RUT_4:11!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | עָם *people* + זְּקֵנִים *elders* | | | | | יִתֵּן *may he make* | yiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | אִשָּׁה *woman* | | | | בָּאָה *is\] about to come* | participle active · qal | אִשָּׁה *woman* | | | | | בָּנוּ *they built* | qatal · qal | הֶם *of them* | בֵּית *the house* | | | | עֲשֵׂה־ *make* | imperative · qal | | חַיִל *wealth* | | | | קְרָא־ *proclaim* | imperative · qal | | שֵׁם *a name* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וַאֲמַרוּ כָּל עַמָּא דְּבִתְרַע סַנְהֶדְּרִין וְסָבַיָּא סָהֲדִין אֲנַחְנָא יִתֵּן יְיָ יָת אִתְּתָא הָדָא דְּאָתְיָא לְבֵיתָךְ כְּרָחֵל וּכְלֵאָה דִּבְנוֹ תַּרְוֵיהוֹן יָת בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲבוּנָא בִּתְרֵי עֲסַר שִׁבְטִין וַעֲבֵיד חֵילָא בְּאֶפְרָת וּתְהֵי קָרֵי שְׁמָא בְּבֵית לָחֶם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And all the people that were in the gate, and the elders, said: 'We are witnesses.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.81/) 2. [The LORD make the woman that is come into thy house like Rachel and like Leah, which two did build the house of Israel; and do thou worthily in Ephrath, and be famous in Beth-lehem;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.82/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:RUT:73`. - ← previous: [Ruth 4:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.4.10/) - next →: [Ruth 4:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.4.12/) - ↑ back to [Ruth 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/4/)