--- title: Ruth 4:4 — and I thought to disclose it unto thee, saying: Buy it before them t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and I thought to disclose it unto thee, saying: Buy it before them that sit here, and before the elders of my people. If thou wilt redeem it, redeem it; but if it will not be redeemed, then tell me, that I may know; for there is none to redeem it beside thee; and I am after thee.' And he said: 'I wi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.4.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ruth](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/4/) / 4:4 # Ruth 4:4 רוּת **Who acts:** I, thou, you, none, Naomi · **What happens:** think, disclose, say, buy, sit, redeem · **To what, where:** parcel, me, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ruth 4:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, thou, you, none, Naomi — and what happens in the verse to parcel, me, thee, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Ruth on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַאֲנִ֨י אָמַ֜רְתִּי אֶגְלֶ֧ה אָזְנְךָ֣ לֵאמֹ֗ר קְ֠נֵה נֶ֥גֶד הַֽיֹּשְׁבִים֮ וְנֶ֣גֶד זִקְנֵ֣י עַמִּי֒ אִם־תִּגְאַל֙ גְּאָ֔ל וְאִם־לֹ֨א יִגְאַ֜ל הַגִּ֣ידָה לִּ֗י וְאֵֽדְעָה֙ כִּ֣י אֵ֤ין זוּלָֽתְךָ֙ לִגְא֔וֹל וְאָנֹכִ֖י אַחֲרֶ֑יךָ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אָנֹכִ֥י אֶגְאָֽל׃ [and I thought to disclose it unto thee, saying: Buy it before them that sit here, and before the elders of my people.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.73/) [If thou wilt redeem it, redeem it; but if it will not be redeemed, then tell me, that I may know; for there is none to redeem it beside thee; and I am after thee.' And he said: 'I will redeem it.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.74/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:RUT:66 # text = וַאֲנִ֨י אָמַ֜רְתִּי אֶגְלֶ֧ה אָזְנְךָ֣ לֵאמֹ֗ר קְ֠נֵה נֶ֥גֶד הַֽיֹּשְׁבִים֮ וְנֶ֣גֶד זִקְנֵ֣י עַמִּי֒ אִם־תִּגְאַל֙ גְּאָ֔ל וְאִם־לֹ֨א יִגְאַ֜ל הַגִּ֣ידָה לִּ֗י וְאֵֽדְעָה֙ כִּ֣י אֵ֤ין זוּלָֽתְךָ֙ לִגְא֔וֹל וְאָנֹכִ֖י אַחֲרֶ֑יךָ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אָנֹכִ֥י אֶגְאָֽל׃ # verse = RUT.4.4 1-2 וַאֲנִ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_4:4!1|MId=o080040040011|Strong=2050b 2 אֲנִ֨י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=RUT_4:4!1|MId=o080040040012|Strong=0589|Type=personal 3 אָמַ֜רְתִּי אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.said|Ref=RUT_4:4!2|MId=o080040040021|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:080040040012;|Type=qatal 4 אֶגְלֶ֧ה גָּלָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 ccomp _ Gloss=I.will.uncover|Ref=RUT_4:4!3|MId=o080040040031|Strong=1540|Frame=A0:080040010111;A1:080040040041;|Type=yiqtol 5-6 אָזְנְךָ֣ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 אָזְנ אֹזֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=ear|Ref=RUT_4:4!4|MId=o080040040041|Strong=0241 6 ְךָ֣ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=RUT_4:4!4|MId=o080040040042|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 7-8 לֵאמֹ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 9 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=RUT_4:4!5|MId=o080040040051|Strong=3807a 8 אמֹ֗ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 7 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=RUT_4:4!5|MId=o080040040052|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:080040010111;|Type=infinitive_construct 9 קְ֠נֵה קָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 4 advcl _ Gloss=acquire.[it]|Ref=RUT_4:4!6|MId=o080040040061|Strong=7069|Frame=A0:080040030023;A1:080040030031;|Type=imperative 10 נֶ֥גֶד נֶגֶד NOUN _ _ 9 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=RUT_4:4!7|MId=o080040040071|Strong=5048 11-12 הַֽיֹּשְׁבִים֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=[those]|Ref=RUT_4:4!8|MId=o080040040081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 יֹּשְׁבִים֮ יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=sitting|Ref=RUT_4:4!8|MId=o080040040082|Strong=3427|Type=participle_active 13-14 וְנֶ֣גֶד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_4:4!9|MId=o080040040091|Strong=2050b 14 נֶ֣גֶד נֶגֶד NOUN _ _ 10 conj _ Gloss=before|Ref=RUT_4:4!9|MId=o080040040092|Strong=5048 15 זִקְנֵ֣י זָקֵן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.elders|Ref=RUT_4:4!10|MId=o080040040101|Strong=2205|Type=adjective 16-17 עַמִּי֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 עַמּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=my.people|Ref=RUT_4:4!11|MId=o080040040111|Strong=5971 17 ִי֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=RUT_4:4!11|MId=o080040040112|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 18 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=RUT_4:4!12|MId=o080040040121|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 19 תִּגְאַל֙ גָּאַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 20 advcl _ Gloss=you.will.redeem|Ref=RUT_4:4!13|MId=o080040040131|Strong=1350|Frame=A0:080040030023;A1:080040030031;|Type=yiqtol 20 גְּאָ֔ל גָּאַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 4 parataxis _ Gloss=redeem|Ref=RUT_4:4!14|MId=o080040040141|Strong=1350|Frame=A0:080040030023;A1:080040030031;|Type=imperative 21-22 וְאִם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_4:4!15|MId=o080040040151|Strong=2050b 22 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=RUT_4:4!15|MId=o080040040152|Strong=0518 23 לֹ֨א לֹא ADV _ _ 24 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=RUT_4:4!16|MId=o080040040161|Strong=3808|Type=negative 24 יִגְאַ֜ל גָּאַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 25 advcl _ Gloss=he.will.redeem|Ref=RUT_4:4!17|MId=o080040040171|Strong=1350|Frame=A0:080040030023;A1:080040030031;|Type=yiqtol 25-26 הַגִּ֣ידָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הַגִּ֣יד נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 4 conj _ Gloss=tell|Ref=RUT_4:4!18|MId=o080040040181|Strong=5046|Frame=A0:080040030023;|Type=imperative 26 ָה ה X _ _ 25 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=RUT_4:4!18|MId=o080040040182|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 27-28 לִּ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=RUT_4:4!19|MId=o080040040191|Strong=3807a 28 ִ֗י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=RUT_4:4!19|MId=o080040040192|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 29-30 וְאֵֽדְעָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=so|Ref=RUT_4:4!21|MId=o080040040211|Strong=2050b 30 אֵֽדְעָה֙ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 4 conj _ Gloss=that.I.may.know|Ref=RUT_4:4!21|MId=o080040040212|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:080040010111;|Type=cohortative 31 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 32 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=RUT_4:4!22|MId=o080040040221|Strong=3588 32 אֵ֤ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 4 advcl _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=RUT_4:4!23|MId=o080040040231|Strong=0369|Type=negative 33-34 זוּלָֽתְךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 זוּלָֽת זוּלָה ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=except|Ref=RUT_4:4!24|MId=o080040040241|Strong=2108 34 ְךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=RUT_4:4!24|MId=o080040040242|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 35-36 לִגְא֔וֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=RUT_4:4!25|MId=o080040040251|Strong=3807a 36 גְא֔וֹל גָּאַל VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 32 advcl _ Gloss=redeem|Ref=RUT_4:4!25|MId=o080040040252|Strong=1350|Frame=A0:080040040231;A1:080040030031;|Type=infinitive_construct 37-38 וְאָנֹכִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 40 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_4:4!26|MId=o080040040261|Strong=2050b 38 אָנֹכִ֖י אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=RUT_4:4!26|MId=o080040040262|Strong=0595|Type=personal 39-40 אַחֲרֶ֑יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 אַחֲרֶ֑י אַחַר ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=[am].after|Ref=RUT_4:4!27|MId=o080040040271|Strong=0310 40 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 4 conj _ Gloss=you|Ref=RUT_4:4!27|MId=o080040040272|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 41-42 וַיֹּ֖אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 42 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=RUT_4:4!28|MId=o080040040281|Strong=2050b 42 יֹּ֖אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=RUT_4:4!28|MId=o080040040282|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:080040030023;|Type=wayyiqtol 43 אָנֹכִ֥י אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 44 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=RUT_4:4!29|MId=o080040040291|Strong=0595|Type=personal 44 אֶגְאָֽל גָּאַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 42 ccomp _ Gloss=I.will.redeem|Ref=RUT_4:4!30|MId=o080040040301|Strong=1350|Frame=A0:080040040291;A1:080040030031;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 45 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 44 punct _ Ref=RUT_4:4!30 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַרְתִּי *I said* | qatal · qal | אֲנִי *I* | | | | | **not** אֶגְלֶה *I will uncover* | yiqtol · qal | | אָזְנ *ear* | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | קְנֵה *acquire \[it\]* | imperative · qal | | | | | | תִּגְאַל *you will redeem* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | גְּאָל *redeem* | imperative · qal | | | | | | **not** יִגְאַל *he will redeem* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | הַגִּיד *tell* | imperative · hiphil | | | | | | אֵֽדְעָה *that I may know* | cohortative · qal | | | | | | גְאוֹל *redeem* | infinitive construct · qal | אֵין *there \[is\] not* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | אֶגְאָֽל *I will redeem* | yiqtol · qal | אָנֹכִי *I* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וַאֲנָא אֲמַרִית אַגְלֵי אוּדְנָךְ לְמֵימַר קְנֵי כָּל קֳבֵיל יָתְבֵי תַּרְעָא דְּבֵית דִּינָא דְּסַנְהֶדְּרִין וְכָל קֳבֵיל סָבַיָּא דְּעַמִּי אִם אִית רְעוּתָךְ לְמִפְרַק פְּרוֹק וְאִם לָא אִית רְעוּתָךְ חַוֵּי לִי וְאֶנְדַּע אֲרוּם לָא אִית בָּר מִנָּךְ דְּהוּא רַשָּׁאִי לְמִפְרַק קֳדָמָךְ וּדְהוּא קָרִיב לְמִתַּב כְּוָתָךְ וַאֲנָא אֲרַע מִנָּךְ וּפָרִיקָא אֱהֵא בָּתְרָךְ וַאֲמַר אֲנָא אֶפְרוֹק: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and I thought to disclose it unto thee, saying: Buy it before them that sit here, and before the elders of my people.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.73/) 2. [If thou wilt redeem it, redeem it; but if it will not be redeemed, then tell me, that I may know; for there is none to redeem it beside thee; and I am after thee.' And he said: 'I will redeem it.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.74/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:RUT:66`. - ← previous: [Ruth 4:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.4.3/) - next →: [Ruth 4:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.4.5/) - ↑ back to [Ruth 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/4/)