--- title: Song of Songs 3:1 — By night on my bed I sought him whom my soul loveth; I sought him, b… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: By night on my bed I sought him whom my soul loveth; I sought him, but I found him not. Who acts: I, soul. Song of Songs 3:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/SNG.3.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Song of Songs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/SNG/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/SNG/3/) / 3:1 # Song of Songs 3:1 שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים **Who acts:** I, soul · **What happens:** seek, love, not find · **To what, where:** him, bed, soul This is Song of Songs 3:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, soul — and what happens in the verse to him, bed, soul, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 8 chapters of Song of Songs on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. עַל־מִשְׁכָּבִי֙ בַּלֵּיל֔וֹת בִּקַּ֕שְׁתִּי אֵ֥ת שֶׁאָהֲבָ֖ה נַפְשִׁ֑י בִּקַּשְׁתִּ֖יו וְלֹ֥א מְצָאתִֽיו׃ [By night on my bed I sought him whom my soul loveth; I sought him, but I found him not.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/SNG.36/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:SNG:34 # text = עַל־מִשְׁכָּבִי֙ בַּלֵּיל֔וֹת בִּקַּ֕שְׁתִּי אֵ֥ת שֶׁאָהֲבָ֖ה נַפְשִׁ֑י בִּקַּשְׁתִּ֖יו וְלֹ֥א מְצָאתִֽיו׃ # verse = SNG.3.1 1 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=SNG_3:1!1|MId=o220030010011|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 2-3 מִשְׁכָּבִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 מִשְׁכָּב מִשְׁכָּב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=bed|Ref=SNG_3:1!2|MId=o220030010021|Strong=4904 3 ִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=SNG_3:1!2|MId=o220030010022|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 4-6 בַּלֵּיל֔וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=SNG_3:1!3|MId=o220030010031|Strong=0871a 5 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=SNG_3:1!3|MId=o220030010031ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 לֵּיל֔וֹת לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 obl _ Gloss=nights|Ref=SNG_3:1!3|MId=o220030010032|Strong=3915 7 בִּקַּ֕שְׁתִּי בָּקַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.sought|Ref=SNG_3:1!4|MId=o220030010041|Strong=1245|Frame=A0:220020140011;A1:220030010062;|Type=qatal 8 אֵ֥ת אֵת ADP _ _ 7 obj _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=SNG_3:1!5|MId=o220030010051|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 9-10 שֶׁאָהֲבָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 שֶׁ שֶׁ SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=[the|Ref=SNG_3:1!6|MId=o220030010061|Strong=7578a|Type=relative 10 אָהֲבָ֖ה אָהֵב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 acl:relcl _ Gloss=one].whom.it.loves|Ref=SNG_3:1!6|MId=o220030010062|Strong=0157|Frame=A0:220030010071;|Type=qatal 11-12 נַפְשִׁ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=self|Ref=SNG_3:1!7|MId=o220030010071|Strong=5315 12 ִ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=SNG_3:1!7|MId=o220030010072|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 13-14 בִּקַּשְׁתִּ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בִּקַּשְׁתִּ֖י בָּקַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 7 parataxis _ Gloss=I|Ref=SNG_3:1!8|MId=o220030010081|Strong=1245|Frame=A0:220020140011;A1:220030010082;|Type=qatal 14 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obj _ Gloss=sought.him|Ref=SNG_3:1!8|MId=o220030010082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15-16 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=SNG_3:1!9|MId=o220030010091|Strong=2050b 16 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=SNG_3:1!9|MId=o220030010092|Strong=3808|Type=negative 17-18 מְצָאתִֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מְצָאתִֽי מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 7 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=SNG_3:1!10|MId=o220030010101|Strong=4672|Frame=A0:220020140011;A1:220030010102;|Type=qatal 18 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obj _ Gloss=found.him|Ref=SNG_3:1!10|MId=o220030010102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 19 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 18 punct _ Ref=SNG_3:1!10 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | בִּקַּשְׁתִּי *I sought* | qatal · piel | | אָהֲבָה *one\] whom it loves* | | | | אָהֲבָה *one\] whom it loves* | qatal · qal | נַפְשׁ *self* | | | | | בִּקַּשְׁתִּי *I* | qatal · piel | | ו *sought him* | | | | **not** מְצָאתִֽי *I* | qatal · qal | | ו *found him* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וְכַד חֲזוֹ עַמָּא בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל דְּאִסְתַּלַּקוּ עֲנָנֵי יְקָרָא מֵעִלָּוֵיהוֹן וּכְלִילָא דְּקוּדְשָׁא דְּאִתְיְהֵיב לְהוֹן בְּסִינַי אִתְנְטֵיל מִנְּהוֹן וְאִשְׁתְּאַרוּ חַשִּׁיכִין כְּלֵילְיָא וּבְעוֹ יָת כְּלִילָא דְּקוּדְשָׁא דְּאִסְתַּלַּק מִנְּהוֹן וְלָא אַשְׁכָּחוּהִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [By night on my bed I sought him whom my soul loveth; I sought him, but I found him not.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/SNG.36/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:SNG:34`. - ← previous: [Song of Songs 2:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/SNG.2.17/) - next →: [Song of Songs 3:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/SNG.3.2/) - ↑ back to [Song of Songs 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/SNG/3/)