--- title: Song of Songs 4:16 — Awake, O north wind; and come, thou south; blow upon my garden, that… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Awake, O north wind; and come, thou south; blow upon my garden, that the spices thereof may flow out. Let my beloved come into his garden, and eat his precious fruits. Who acts: you, spices, beloved. Song of Songs 4:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of ev --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/SNG.4.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Song of Songs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/SNG/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/SNG/4/) / 4:16 # Song of Songs 4:16 שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים **Who acts:** you, spices, beloved · **What happens:** awake, come, blow, flow out, let, eat · **To what, where:** garden, precious fruits This is Song of Songs 4:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, spices, beloved — and what happens in the verse to garden, precious fruits, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 8 chapters of Song of Songs on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. ע֤וּרִי צָפוֹן֙ וּב֣וֹאִי תֵימָ֔ן הָפִ֥יחִי גַנִּ֖י יִזְּל֣וּ בְשָׂמָ֑יו יָבֹ֤א דוֹדִי֙ לְגַנּ֔וֹ וְיֹאכַ֖ל פְּרִ֥י מְגָדָֽיו׃ [Awake, O north wind; and come, thou south; blow upon my garden, that the spices thereof may flow out.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/SNG.62/) [Let my beloved come into his garden, and eat his precious fruits.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/SNG.63/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:SNG:60 # text = ע֤וּרִי צָפוֹן֙ וּב֣וֹאִי תֵימָ֔ן הָפִ֥יחִי גַנִּ֖י יִזְּל֣וּ בְשָׂמָ֑יו יָבֹ֤א דוֹדִי֙ לְגַנּ֔וֹ וְיֹאכַ֖ל פְּרִ֥י מְגָדָֽיו׃ # verse = SNG.4.16 1 ע֤וּרִי עוּר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=awake|Ref=SNG_4:16!1|MId=o220040160011|Strong=5782|Frame=A0:220040160021;|Type=imperative 2 צָפוֹן֙ צָפוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 1 parataxis _ Gloss=O.north.wind|Ref=SNG_4:16!2|MId=o220040160021|Strong=6828 3-4 וּב֣וֹאִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=SNG_4:16!3|MId=o220040160031|Strong=2050b 4 ב֣וֹאִי בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 1 conj _ Gloss=come|Ref=SNG_4:16!3|MId=o220040160032|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:220040160041;|Type=imperative 5 תֵימָ֔ן תֵּימָן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ Gloss=O.south.wind|Ref=SNG_4:16!4|MId=o220040160041|Strong=8486 6 הָפִ֥יחִי פּוּחַ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 1 parataxis _ Gloss=make.breathe|Ref=SNG_4:16!5|MId=o220040160051|Strong=6315|Frame=A0:220040160021;220040160041;|Type=imperative 7-8 גַנִּ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 גַנּ גַּן NOUN _ Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=garden|Ref=SNG_4:16!6|MId=o220040160061|Strong=1588 8 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=SNG_4:16!6|MId=o220040160062|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 9 יִזְּל֣וּ נָזַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=let.them.flow|Ref=SNG_4:16!7|MId=o220040160071|Strong=5140|Frame=A0:220040160081;|Type=jussive 10-11 בְשָׂמָ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בְשָׂמָ֑י בֶּשֶׂם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ Gloss=spices|Ref=SNG_4:16!8|MId=o220040160081|Strong=1314 11 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=SNG_4:16!8|MId=o220040160082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12 יָבֹ֤א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=let.him.come|Ref=SNG_4:16!9|MId=o220040160091|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:220040160101;|Type=jussive 13-14 דוֹדִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 דוֹד דּוֹד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=lover|Ref=SNG_4:16!10|MId=o220040160101|Strong=1730 14 ִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=SNG_4:16!10|MId=o220040160102|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 15-17 לְגַנּ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=SNG_4:16!11|MId=o220040160111|Strong=3807a 16 גַנּ גַּן NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=garden|Ref=SNG_4:16!11|MId=o220040160112|Strong=1588 17 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=SNG_4:16!11|MId=o220040160113|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18-19 וְיֹאכַ֖ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=SNG_4:16!12|MId=o220040160121|Strong=2050b 19 יֹאכַ֖ל אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=let.him.eat|Ref=SNG_4:16!12|MId=o220040160122|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:220040160101;A1:220040160131;|Type=jussive 20 פְּרִ֥י פְּרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=the.fruit|Ref=SNG_4:16!13|MId=o220040160131|Strong=6529 21-22 מְגָדָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 מְגָדָֽי מֶגֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=its.excellence(s)|Ref=SNG_4:16!14|MId=o220040160141|Strong=4022 22 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=SNG_4:16!14|MId=o220040160142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=SNG_4:16!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עוּרִי *awake* | imperative · qal | צָפוֹן *O north wind* | | | | | בוֹאִי *come* | imperative · qal | תֵימָן *O south wind* | | | | | הָפִיחִי *make breathe* | imperative · hiphil | צָפוֹן *O north wind* + תֵימָן *O south wind* | | | | | יִזְּלוּ *let them flow* | jussive · qal | בְשָׂמָי *spices* | | | | | יָבֹא *let him come* | jussive · qal | דוֹד *lover* | | | | | יֹאכַל *let him eat* | jussive · qal | דוֹד *lover* | פְּרִי *the fruit* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וְעַל סְטַר צִיפּוּנָא הֲוָה פָּתוּרָא וַעֲלוֹהִי תְּרֵי עֲסַר לַחְמִין דְּאַפִּין וְעַל סְטַר דָּרוֹמָא הֲוָת בּוֹצִינָא לְאַנְהָרָא וְעַל מַדְבְּחָא הֲווֹ כָּהֲנַיָּא מַסְּקִין קְטוֹרֶת בּוּסְמִין כְּנִשְׁתָּא דְּיִשְׂרָאֵל אֲמַרַת יֵיעוֹל אֱלָהִי רְחִימִי לְבֵית מַקְדְּשָׁא וִיקַבֵּל בְּרַעֲוָא קוּרְבָּנְהוֹן דְּעַמֵּיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Awake, O north wind; and come, thou south; blow upon my garden, that the spices thereof may flow out.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/SNG.62/) 2. [Let my beloved come into his garden, and eat his precious fruits.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/SNG.63/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:SNG:60`. - ← previous: [Song of Songs 4:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/SNG.4.15/) - next →: [Song of Songs 5:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/SNG.5.1/) - ↑ back to [Song of Songs 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/SNG/4/)