---
title: 1 Chronicles 10:4 (JPS 1917) — Then said Saul unto his armour-bearer: 'Draw thy sword, and thrust m… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then said Saul unto his armour-bearer: 'Draw thy sword, and thrust me through therewith; lest these uncircumcised come and make a mock of me.' But his armour-bearer would not; for he was sore afraid. Who acts: Saul, uncircumcised. 1 Chronicles 10:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragma
---

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# 1 Chronicles 10:4 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then said Saul unto his armour-bearer: 'Draw thy sword, and thrust me through therewith; lest these uncircumcised come and make a mock of me.' But his armour-bearer would not; for he was sore afraid.

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**Who acts:** Saul, uncircumcised · **What happens:** say, draw, thrust, come, make, be · **To what, where:** sword, me, mock · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Chronicles 10:4 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saul, uncircumcised), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1CH:461
# text = Then said Saul unto his armour-bearer: 'Draw thy sword, and thrust me through therewith; lest these uncircumcised come and make a mock of me.' But his armour-bearer would not; for he was sore afraid.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
6	armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	_
8	bearer	bearer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Draw	draw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
12	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	thrust	thrust	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
17	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	through	through	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
19	therewith	therewith	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
21	lest	lest	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
22	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	23	det	_	_
23	uncircumcised	uncircumcised	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
24	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	conj	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	mock	mock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	28	nmod	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
32	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
33	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
34	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	37	nmod:poss	_	_
35	armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	_
36	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	35	punct	_	_
37	bearer	bearer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nsubj	_	_
38	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
39	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	38	advmod	_	_
40	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	45	punct	_	_
41	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	45	mark	_	_
42	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	45	nsubj	_	_
43	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	45	cop	_	_
44	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	advmod	_	_
45	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	advcl	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=decl, act=narrate, voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Saul |  |  |  | then | unto Saul's armour bearer | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **draw** | infinitive |  | thy sword |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Theme |
| 3 | **thrust** | infinitive |  | me |  |  |  | therewith *property* | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 4 | **come** | infinitive | this uncircumcised |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **make** | infinitive | this uncircumcised *not said here* | a mock of me |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset mock=Product |
| 6 | **is** | past | Saul |  |  |  |  | afraid *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **mock** |  |  | me |  |  |  |  | nom mock «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁאוּל֩ אֶל־נֹשֵׂ֨א כֵלָ֜יו שְׁלֹ֥ף חַרְבְּךָ֣ ׀ וְדָקְרֵ֣נִי בָ֗הּ פֶּן־יָבֹ֜אוּ הָעֲרֵלִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ וְהִתְעַלְּלוּ־בִ֔י וְלֹ֤א אָבָה֙ נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֔יו כִּ֥י יָרֵ֖א מְאֹ֑דס וַיִּקַּ֤ח שָׁאוּל֙ אֶת־הַחֶ֔רֶב וַיִּפֹּ֖ל עָלֶֽיהָ׃

[1 Chronicles 10:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.10.4/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. **Then said Saul unto his armour-bearer: 'Draw thy sword, and thrust me through therewith; lest these uncircumcised come and make a mock of me.' But his armour-bearer would not; for he was sore afraid.**
2. [Therefore Saul took his sword, and fell upon it.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.462/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1CH:461` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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