--- title: 1 Chronicles 11:20 (JPS 1917) — And Abishai, the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three; for he… · tree and pragmatics description: And Abishai, the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three; for he lifted up his spear against three hundred and slew them, and had a name among the three. Who acts: Joab. 1 Chronicles 11:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.493/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [1 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/) / [chapter 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/11/) / [11:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.11.20/) / JPS 1 # 1 Chronicles 11:20 · JPS 1917 And Abishai, the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three; for he lifted up his spear against three hundred and slew them, and had a name among the three. **Who acts:** Joab · **What happens:** be, lift up, slay, have · **To what, where:** chief, spear, three hundred, men, name This is 1 Chronicles 11:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joab), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1CH:493 # text = And Abishai, the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three; for he lifted up his spear against three hundred and slew them, and had a name among the three. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 2 Abishai Abishai PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 dislocated _ _ 3 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 brother brother NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 appos _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 Joab Joab PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 9 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 10 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 cop _ _ 11 chief chief NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 three three NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 16 for for SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 17 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 18 lifted lift VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 advcl _ _ 19 up up ADP RP _ 18 compound:prt _ _ 20 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ _ 21 spear spear NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 22 against against ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 24 nummod _ _ 24 hundred hundred NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 18 obl _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 slew slay VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 conj _ _ 27 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 obj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 conj _ _ 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 name name NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obj _ _ 33 among among ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 three three NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nmod _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | past | Joab | chief | | | | of the three; Abishai *dislocated* | tree rules | | 2 | **lift up** | past | Joab | Joab's spear | | three hundred | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent spear=Theme against hundred=Destination | | 3 | **slay** | past | Joab *not said here* | men *= man* | | | | | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | | 4 | **have** | past | Joab *not said here* | a name | | | | among the three | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְאַבְשַׁ֣י אֲחִֽי־יוֹאָ֗ב ה֤וּאהָיָה֙ רֹ֣אשׁ הַשְּׁלוֹשָׁ֔ה וְהוּא֙ עוֹרֵ֣ר אֶת־חֲנִית֔וֹ עַל־שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת חָלָ֑ל וְלוֹ־שֵׁ֖ם בַּשְּׁלוֹשָֽׁה׃ [1 Chronicles 11:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.11.20/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1CH:493` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Chronicles 11:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.492/) - next →: [1 Chronicles 11:21 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.494/) - ↑ back to [1 Chronicles 11:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.11.20/)