---
title: 1 Chronicles 12:9 (JPS 1917) — And of the Gadites there separated themselves unto David to the stro… · tree and pragmatics
description: And of the Gadites there separated themselves unto David to the stronghold in the wilderness, mighty men of valour, men trained for war, that could handle shield and spear; whose faces were like the faces of lions, and they were as swift as the roes upon the mountains; Who acts: men, faces. 1 Chroni
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.528/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [1 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/12/) / [12:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.12.9/) / JPS 1

# 1 Chronicles 12:9 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And of the Gadites there separated themselves unto David to the stronghold in the wilderness, mighty men of valour, men trained for war, that could handle shield and spear; whose faces were like the faces of lions, and they were as swift as the roes upon the mountains;

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** men, faces · **What happens:** separate, train, handle, be · **To what, where:** Gadites, men, shield

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Chronicles 12:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, faces), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1CH:528
# text = And of the Gadites there separated themselves unto David to the stronghold in the wilderness, mighty men of valour, men trained for war, that could handle shield and spear; whose faces were like the faces of lions, and they were as swift as the roes upon the mountains;
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Gadites	gadite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
5	there	there	ADV	EX	PronType=Dem	6	expl	_	_
6	separated	separate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	6	obj	_	_
8	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	stronghold	stronghold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	appos	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	valour	valour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
23	trained	train	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	acl	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
28	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	handle	handle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	acl:relcl	_	_
30	shield	shield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	_
33	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	39	punct	_	_
34	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	nsubj	_	_
36	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	39	cop	_	_
37	like	like	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	parataxis	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	nmod	_	_
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
44	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	47	nsubj	_	_
45	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	47	cop	_	_
46	as	as	ADV	RB	_	47	advmod	_	_
47	swift	swift	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	conj	_	_
48	as	as	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	roes	roe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	47	obl	_	_
51	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
52	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
53	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	50	nmod	_	_
54	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **separate** | past |  | Gadites *= gadite* |  | there |  | of the Gadites; unto David; to the stronghold in the wilderness | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme of gadite=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **train** | participle |  | men *not said here* |  |  |  | for war | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **handle** | could | men | shield and spear |  |  |  |  | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shield=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | past | the faces's faces |  |  |  |  | like the faces; of lions | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** | past | faces *= face* |  |  |  |  | as the roes upon the mountains; swift *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וּמִן־הַגָּדִ֡י נִבְדְּל֣וּ אֶל־דָּוִיד֩ לַמְצַ֨ד מִדְבָּ֜רָה גִּבֹּרֵ֣י הַחַ֗יִל אַנְשֵׁ֤י צָבָא֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה עֹרְכֵ֥י צִנָּ֖ה וָרֹ֑מַח וּפְנֵ֤י אַרְיֵה֙ פְּנֵיהֶ֔ם וְכִצְבָאיִ֥ם עַל־הֶהָרִ֖ים לְמַהֵֽר׃ס

[1 Chronicles 12:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.12.9/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1CH:528` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [1 Chronicles 12:8 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.527/)
- next →: [1 Chronicles 12:10 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.529/)
- ↑ back to [1 Chronicles 12:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.12.9/)