---
title: 1 Chronicles 12:16 (JPS 1917) — These are they that went over the Jordan in the first month, when it… · tree and pragmatics
description: These are they that went over the Jordan in the first month, when it had overflown all its banks; and they put to flight all them of the valleys, both toward the east, and toward the west. Who acts: These, Jordan, captains. 1 Chronicles 12:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o
---

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# 1 Chronicles 12:16 · JPS 1917

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These are they that went over the Jordan in the first month, when it had overflown all its banks; and they put to flight all them of the valleys, both toward the east, and toward the west.

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**Who acts:** These, Jordan, captains · **What happens:** be, go, overfly, put · **To what, where:** captains, Jordan, banks

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This is 1 Chronicles 12:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (These, Jordan, captains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1CH:535
# text = These are they that went over the Jordan in the first month, when it had overflown all its banks; and they put to flight all them of the valleys, both toward the east, and toward the west.
1	These	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Jordan	Jordan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	12	amod	_	_
12	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	17	mark	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	overflown	overfly	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
18	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	20	det:predet	_	_
19	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	banks	bank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	flight	flight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
27	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	28	det:predet	_	_
28	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	valleys	valley	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nmod	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
33	both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc:preconj	_	_
34	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	east	east	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
39	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	west	west	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	conj	_	_
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | These | captains *= captain* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | past |  |  |  | the Jordan | month |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme over jordan=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **overfly** | past · perfect | Jordan | Jordan's banks |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **put** | past | captains *= captain* | banks *= bank* |  |  |  | to flight; toward the east and the west | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent they=Goal |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אֵ֣לֶּה הֵ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָבְר֤וּ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן וְה֥וּא מְמַלֵּ֖א עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָ֑יו וַיַּבְרִ֙יחוּ֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָ֣עֲמָקִ֔ים לַמִּזְרָ֖ח וְלַֽמַּעֲרָֽב׃ס

[1 Chronicles 12:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.12.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1CH:535` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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