---
title: 1 Chronicles 12:18 (JPS 1917) — And David went out to meet them, and answered and said unto them: 'I… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David went out to meet them, and answered and said unto them: 'If ye be come peaceably unto me to help me, my heart shall be knit unto you; but if ye be come to betray me to mine adversaries, seeing there is no wrong in my hands, the God of our fathers look thereon, and give judgment.' Who acts:
---

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# 1 Chronicles 12:18 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And David went out to meet them, and answered and said unto them: 'If ye be come peaceably unto me to help me, my heart shall be knit unto you; but if ye be come to betray me to mine adversaries, seeing there is no wrong in my hands, the God of our fathers look thereon, and give judgment.'

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**Who acts:** David, ye, God, wrong · **What happens:** go out, meet, answer, say, come, help · **To what, where:** children, me, heart, hands, judgment · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Chronicles 12:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, ye, God, wrong), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1CH:537
# text = And David went out to meet them, and answered and said unto them: 'If ye be come peaceably unto me to help me, my heart shall be knit unto you; but if ye be come to betray me to mine adversaries, seeing there is no wrong in my hands, the God of our fathers look thereon, and give judgment.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	meet	meet	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	_
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
16	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	32	punct	_	_
17	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
18	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	20	nsubj	_	_
19	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	aux	_	_
20	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	32	advcl	_	_
21	peaceably	peaceably	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
22	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	obl	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	advcl	_	_
26	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	obj	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
28	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
30	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
31	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	aux:pass	_	_
32	knit	knit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	ccomp	_	_
33	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	32	obl	_	_
35	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	62	punct	_	_
36	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	62	cc	_	_
37	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	40	mark	_	_
38	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	40	nsubj	_	_
39	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	40	aux	_	_
40	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	62	advcl	_	_
41	to	to	PART	TO	_	42	mark	_	_
42	betray	betray	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	40	advcl	_	_
43	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	42	obj	_	_
44	to	to	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	mine	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	46	nmod:poss	_	_
46	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	obl	_	_
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	62	punct	_	_
48	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	62	advcl	_	_
49	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	50	expl	_	_
50	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	48	ccomp	_	_
51	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	52	det	_	_
52	wrong	wrong	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	nsubj	_	_
53	in	in	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
54	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	55	nmod:poss	_	_
55	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	50	obl	_	_
56	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
57	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	58	det	_	_
58	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	62	nsubj	_	_
59	of	of	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
60	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	61	nmod:poss	_	_
61	fathers	father	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	nmod	_	_
62	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Sub|VerbForm=Fin	32	conj	_	_
63	thereon	thereon	ADV	RB	_	62	advmod	_	_
64	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	66	punct	_	_
65	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	66	cc	_	_
66	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	62	conj	_	_
67	judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	66	obj	_	_
68	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	32	punct	_	_
69	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	32	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: promise
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- indirect: yes
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go out** | past | David |  |  |  |  | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **meet** | to-infinitive | David *not said here* | children *= child* |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | David *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | David *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto children *= child* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **come** *a condition, not said to happen* | infinitive · passive | ye |  |  |  |  | unto me; peaceably *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **help** | to-infinitive | ye *not said here* |  | me |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary |
| 7 | **knit** | shall · passive |  | my heart |  |  |  | unto you | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product |
| 8 | **come** *a condition, not said to happen* | infinitive · passive | ye |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 9 | **betray** | to-infinitive | ye *not said here* | me |  |  |  | to mine adversaries | tree rules |
| 10 | **see** | gerund | the God of our fathers *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 11 | **be** | present | no wrong |  |  | my hands; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hand=Location |
| 12 | **look** | infinitive | the God of our fathers |  |  |  |  | thereon *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 13 | **give** | infinitive | the God of our fathers *not said here* | judgment |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent judgment=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֵּצֵ֣א דָוִיד֮ לִפְנֵיהֶם֒ וַיַּ֙עַן֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם אִם־לְשָׁל֞וֹם בָּאתֶ֤ם אֵלַי֙ לְעָזְרֵ֔נִי יִֽהְיֶה־לִּ֧י עֲלֵיכֶ֛ם לֵבָ֖ב לְיָ֑חַד וְאִֽם־לְרַמּוֹתַ֣נִי לְצָרַ֗י בְּלֹ֤א חָמָס֙ בְּכַפַּ֔י יֵ֛רֶא אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵ֖ינוּ וְיוֹכַֽח׃ס

[1 Chronicles 12:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.12.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1CH:537` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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