---
title: 1 Chronicles 16:31 (JPS 1917) — Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice; and let them say… · tree and pragmatics
description: Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice; and let them say among the nations: 'The LORD reigneth.' Who acts: you, heavens, earth, LORD. 1 Chronicles 16:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.652/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [1 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/16/) / [16:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.16.31/) / JPS 1

# 1 Chronicles 16:31 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice; and let them say among the nations: 'The LORD reigneth.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, heavens, earth, LORD · **What happens:** let, be, rejoice, say, reign · **To what, where:** heavens, earth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Chronicles 16:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, heavens, earth, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1CH:652
# text = Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice; and let them say among the nations: 'The LORD reigneth.'
1	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
5	glad	glad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	rejoice	rejoice	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
17	among	among	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
21	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	_
22	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
24	reigneth	reign	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	ccomp	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	_
26	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | the heavens |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heaven=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | infinitive | the heavens *not said here* |  |  |  |  | glad *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **let** | infinitive | you *not said here* | the earth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **rejoice** | infinitive | the earth *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **let** | infinitive | you *not said here* | heavens *= heaven* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | heavens *= heaven* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | among the nations | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 7 | **reign** | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
יִשְׂמְח֤וּ הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וְתָגֵ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ וְיֹאמְר֥וּ בַגּוֹיִ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה מָלָֽךְ׃

[1 Chronicles 16:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.16.31/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1CH:652` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [1 Chronicles 16:30 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.651/)
- next →: [1 Chronicles 16:32 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.653/)
- ↑ back to [1 Chronicles 16:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.16.31/)