---
title: 1 Chronicles 19:2 (JPS 1917) — And David said: 'l will show kindness unto Hanun the son of Nahash,… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David said: 'l will show kindness unto Hanun the son of Nahash, because his father showed kindness to me.' So David sent messengers to comfort him concerning his father. Who acts: David, l, father. 1 Chronicles 19:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Chronicles 19:2 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And David said: 'l will show kindness unto Hanun the son of Nahash, because his father showed kindness to me.' So David sent messengers to comfort him concerning his father.

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**Who acts:** David, l, father · **What happens:** say, show, send, comfort · **To what, where:** kindness, me, messengers, Nahash · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Chronicles 19:2 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, l, father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1CH:714
# text = And David said: 'l will show kindness unto Hanun the son of Nahash, because his father showed kindness to me.' So David sent messengers to comfort him concerning his father.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	_
6	l	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
9	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Hanun	Hanun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Nahash	Nahash	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
21	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	obl	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
25	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
26	So	so	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
27	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
28	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
29	messengers	messenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obj	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
31	comfort	comfort	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	advcl	_	_
32	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	obj	_	_
33	concerning	concern	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | David |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **show** | future | l | kindness |  |  |  | unto Hanun | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent kindness=Recipient |
| 3 | **show** | past | Nahash's father | kindness | me |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent kindness=Topic to i=Recipient |
| 4 | **send** | past | David | messengers |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent messenger=Theme |
| 5 | **comfort** | to-infinitive | David *not said here* | Nahash |  |  |  | concern Nahash's father | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜יד אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־חֶ֣סֶד ׀ עִם־חָנ֣וּן בֶּן־נָחָ֗שׁ כִּֽי־עָשָׂ֨ה אָבִ֤יו עִמִּי֙ חֶ֔סֶד וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח דָּוִ֛יד מַלְאָכִ֖ים לְנַחֲמ֣וֹ עַל־אָבִ֑יו וַיָּבֹאוּ֩ עַבְדֵ֨י דָוִ֜יד אֶל־אֶ֧רֶץ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֛וֹן אֶל־חָנ֖וּן לְנַחֲמֽוֹ׃

[1 Chronicles 19:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.19.2/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. **And David said: 'l will show kindness unto Hanun the son of Nahash, because his father showed kindness to me.' So David sent messengers to comfort him concerning his father.**
2. [And David's servants came into the land of the children of Ammon to Hanun, to comfort him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.715/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1CH:714` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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