---
title: 1 Chronicles 19:16 (JPS 1917) — And when the Arameans saw that they were put to the worse before Isr… · tree and pragmatics
description: And when the Arameans saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they sent messengers, and brought out the Arameans that were beyond the River, with Shophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer at their head. Who acts: Arameans. 1 Chronicles 19:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and th
---

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# 1 Chronicles 19:16 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And when the Arameans saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they sent messengers, and brought out the Arameans that were beyond the River, with Shophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer at their head.

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**Who acts:** Arameans · **What happens:** see, put, send, bring out, be · **To what, where:** Arameans, messengers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Chronicles 19:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Arameans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1CH:733
# text = And when the Arameans saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they sent messengers, and brought out the Arameans that were beyond the River, with Shophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer at their head.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	5	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Arameans	aramean	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	advcl	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	ccomp	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	worse	worse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	before	before	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
18	messengers	messenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
22	out	out	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	Arameans	aramean	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
25	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
26	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
27	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	acl:relcl	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	with	with	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	Shophach	Shophach	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	captain	captain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	appos	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	Hadarezer	Hadarezer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	_
40	at	at	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	42	nmod:poss	_	_
42	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | the Arameans |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **put** | past · passive |  | Arameans *= aramean* |  |  | before Israel | to the worse | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme before israel=Destination |
| 3 | **send** | past | Arameans *= aramean* | messengers |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent messenger=Theme |
| 4 | **bring out** | past | Arameans *= aramean* *not said here* | the Arameans |  |  |  | with Shophach | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent aramean=Patient with shophach=Instrument |
| 5 | **is** | past | the Arameans |  |  |  |  | beyond the River | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּ֣רְא אֲרָ֗ם כִּ֣י נִגְּפוּ֮ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַֽיִּשְׁלְחוּ֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים וַיּוֹצִ֣יאוּ אֶת־אֲרָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר מֵעֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֑ר וְשׁוֹפַ֛ךְ שַׂר־צְבָ֥א הֲדַדְעֶ֖זֶר לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃

[1 Chronicles 19:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.19.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1CH:733` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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