---
title: 1 Chronicles 20:1 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass, at the time of the return of the year, at the t… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it came to pass, at the time of the return of the year, at the time when kings go out to battle, that Joab led forth the power of the army, and wasted the country of the children of Ammon, and came and besieged Rabbah. Who acts: it, kings, Joab, year. 1 Chronicles 20:1 in JPS 1917 with its depen
---

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# 1 Chronicles 20:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 3

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And it came to pass, at the time of the return of the year, at the time when kings go out to battle, that Joab led forth the power of the army, and wasted the country of the children of Ammon, and came and besieged Rabbah.

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**Who acts:** it, kings, Joab, year · **What happens:** come, pass, go out, lead, waste, besiege · **To what, where:** battle, power, country, Rabbah

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Chronicles 20:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 3 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it, kings, Joab, year), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1CH:738
# text = And it came to pass, at the time of the return of the year, at the time when kings go out to battle, that Joab led forth the power of the army, and wasted the country of the children of Ammon, and came and besieged Rabbah.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	return	return	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
20	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	22	advmod	_	_
21	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
22	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	acl:relcl	_	_
23	out	out	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
28	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
29	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
30	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	wasted	waste	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	conj	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obj	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	nmod	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	Ammon	Ammon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	nmod	_	_
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
47	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
48	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	conj	_	_
49	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
50	besieged	besiege	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	48	conj	_	_
51	Rabbah	Rabbah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	50	obj	_	_
52	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | it |  |  |  | time |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **go out** | present | kings | battle |  |  |  | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **lead** | past | Joab | the power of the army |  |  |  | forth *property* | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Theme |
| 5 | **waste** | past | Joab *not said here* | the country of the children of Ammon |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent country=Patient |
| 6 | **come** | past | Joab *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **besiege** | past | Joab *not said here* | Rabbah |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **return** |  | the year |  |  |  |  |  | nom return «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִ֡י לְעֵת֩ תְּשׁוּבַ֨ת הַשָּׁנָ֜ה לְעֵ֣ת ׀ צֵ֣את הַמְּלָכִ֗ים וַיִּנְהַ֣ג יוֹאָב֩ אֶת־חֵ֨יל הַצָּבָ֜א וַיַּשְׁחֵ֣ת ׀ אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ בְּנֵֽי־עַמּ֗וֹן וַיָּבֹא֙ וַיָּ֣צַר אֶת־רַבָּ֔ה וְדָוִ֖יד יֹשֵׁ֣ב בִּירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַיַּ֥ךְ יוֹאָ֛ב אֶת־רַבָּ֖ה וַיֶּֽהֶרְסֶֽהָ׃

[1 Chronicles 20:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.20.1/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. **And it came to pass, at the time of the return of the year, at the time when kings go out to battle, that Joab led forth the power of the army, and wasted the country of the children of Ammon, and came and besieged Rabbah.**
2. [But David tarried at Jerusalem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.739/)
3. [And Joab smote Rabbah, and overthrew it.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.740/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1CH:738` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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