--- title: 1 Chronicles 21:16 (JPS 1917) — And David lifted up his eyes, and saw the angel of the LORD standing… · tree and pragmatics description: And David lifted up his eyes, and saw the angel of the LORD standing between the earth and the heaven, having a drawn sword in his hand stretched out over Jerusalem. Who acts: David, angel. 1 Chronicles 21:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.768/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [1 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/21/) / [21:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.21.16/) / JPS 1 # 1 Chronicles 21:16 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 And David lifted up his eyes, and saw the angel of the LORD standing between the earth and the heaven, having a drawn sword in his hand stretched out over Jerusalem. **Who acts:** David, angel · **What happens:** lift up, see, stand, have, draw, stretch out · **To what, where:** eyes, angel, earth, drawn sword, hand, Jerusalem This is 1 Chronicles 21:16 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, angel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1CH:768 # text = And David lifted up his eyes, and saw the angel of the LORD standing between the earth and the heaven, having a drawn sword in his hand stretched out over Jerusalem. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 lifted lift VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 up up ADP RP _ 3 compound:prt _ _ 5 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 6 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 angel angel NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 15 standing stand VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 11 acl _ _ 16 between between ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 earth earth NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 heaven heaven NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 conj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 having have VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 15 advcl _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 25 drawn draw VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 26 amod _ _ 26 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 27 in in ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 29 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 30 stretched stretch VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 29 acl _ _ 31 out out ADP RP _ 30 compound:prt _ _ 32 over over ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 Jerusalem Jerusalem PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lift up** | past | David | David's eyes | | | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Theme | | 2 | **see** | past | David *not said here* | the angel of the LORD | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer angel=Stimulus | | 3 | **stand** | gerund | the angel of the LORD *not said here* | | | the earth and the heaven | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent between earth=Location | | 4 | **have** | gerund | the angel of the LORD *not said here* | a drawn sword | | LORD's hand | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Patient | | 5 | **draw** | participle | | | | | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **stretch out** | participle | | LORD's hand *not said here* | | Jerusalem | | | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over jerusalem=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיִּשָּׂ֨א דָוִ֜יד אֶת־עֵינָ֗יו וַיַּ֞רְא אֶת־מַלְאַ֤ךְ יְהוָה֙ עֹמֵ֗ד בֵּ֤ין הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ וּבֵ֣ין הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְחַרְבּ֤וֹ שְׁלוּפָה֙ בְּיָד֔וֹ נְטוּיָ֖ה עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַיִּפֹּ֨ל דָּוִ֧יד וְהַזְּקֵנִ֛ים מְכֻסִּ֥ים בַּשַּׂקִּ֖ים עַל־פְּנֵיהֶֽם׃ [1 Chronicles 21:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.21.16/) This verse in JPS 1917: 1. **And David lifted up his eyes, and saw the angel of the LORD standing between the earth and the heaven, having a drawn sword in his hand stretched out over Jerusalem.** 2. [Then David and the elders, clothed in sackcloth, fell upon their faces.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.769/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1CH:768` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Chronicles 21:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.767/) - next →: [1 Chronicles 21:16 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.769/) - ↑ back to [1 Chronicles 21:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.21.16/)