---
title: 1 Chronicles 2:23 (JPS 1917) — All these were the sons of Machir the father of Gilead. · tree and pragmatics
description: All these were the sons of Machir the father of Gilead. Who acts: these. 1 Chronicles 2:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Chronicles 2:23 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2

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All these were the sons of Machir the father of Gilead.

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**Who acts:** these · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** sons

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This is 1 Chronicles 2:23 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (these), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1CH:91
# text = All these were the sons of Machir the father of Gilead.
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	2	det:predet	_	_
2	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Machir	Machir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Gilead	Gilead	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | these | the sons |  |  |  | of Machir | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּקַּ֣ח גְּשֽׁוּר־וַ֠אֲרָם אֶת־חַוֺּ֨ת יָאִ֧יר מֵאִתָּ֛ם אֶת־קְנָ֥ת וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֶ֖יהָ שִׁשִּׁ֣ים עִ֑יר כָּל־אֵ֕לֶּה בְּנֵ֖י מָכִ֥יר אֲבִי־גִלְעָֽד׃

[1 Chronicles 2:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.2.23/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. [And Geshur and Aram took Havvoth-jair from them, with Kenath, and the villages thereof, even threescore cities.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.90/)
2. **All these were the sons of Machir the father of Gilead.**

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1CH:91` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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