--- title: 2 Chronicles 18:10 (JPS 1917) — And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made him horns of iron, and said:… · tree and pragmatics description: And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made him horns of iron, and said: 'Thus saith the LORD: With these shalt thou gore the Arameans, until they be consumed.' Who acts: Zedekiah, LORD, thou. 2 Chronicles 18:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.378/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [2 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/18/) / [18:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.18.10/) / JPS 1 # 2 Chronicles 18:10 · JPS 1917 And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made him horns of iron, and said: 'Thus saith the LORD: With these shalt thou gore the Arameans, until they be consumed.' **Who acts:** Zedekiah, LORD, thou · **What happens:** make, say, gore, consume · **To what, where:** horns, king, Arameans · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 2 Chronicles 18:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Zedekiah, LORD, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2CH:378 # text = And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made him horns of iron, and said: 'Thus saith the LORD: With these shalt thou gore the Arameans, until they be consumed.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 2 Zedekiah Zedekiah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 son son NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 appos _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 Chenaanah Chenaanah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 7 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 iobj _ _ 9 horns horn NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obj _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 iron iron NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 15 : : PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 16 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 18 punct _ _ 17 Thus thus ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 18 saith say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 ccomp _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 21 : : PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 22 With with ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 these this PRON DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 26 obl _ _ 24 shalt shall AUX MD Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux _ _ 25 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 26 nsubj _ _ 26 gore gore VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 ccomp _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 Arameans Aramean PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 26 obj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 30 until until SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 31 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj:pass _ _ 32 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 33 aux:pass _ _ 33 consumed consume VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 26 advcl _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 18 punct _ _ 35 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 18 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=narrate, voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | past | Zedekiah | horns of iron | king | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset he=Beneficiary horn=Product | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Zedekiah *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD | | | | | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **gore** | shall | thou | the Arameans | | | | with these | tree rules | | 5 | **consume** | infinitive · passive | | Arameans *= aramean* | | | | | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיַּ֥עַשׂ ל֛וֹ צִדְקִיָּ֥הוּ בֶֽן־כְּנַעֲנָ֖ה קַרְנֵ֣י בַרְזֶ֑לוַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה בְּאֵ֛לֶּה תְּנַגַּ֥ח אֶת־אֲרָ֖ם עַד־כַּלּוֹתָֽם׃ [2 Chronicles 18:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.18.10/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2CH:378` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Chronicles 18:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.377/) - next →: [2 Chronicles 18:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.379/) - ↑ back to [2 Chronicles 18:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.18.10/)