---
title: 2 Chronicles 18:18 (JPS 1917) — And he said: 'Therefore hear ye the word of the LORD: I saw the LORD… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he said: 'Therefore hear ye the word of the LORD: I saw the LORD sitting upon His throne, and all the host of heaven standing on His right hand and on His left. Who acts: king, ye, I, LORD. 2 Chronicles 18:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Chronicles 18:18 · JPS 1917

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And he said: 'Therefore hear ye the word of the LORD: I saw the LORD sitting upon His throne, and all the host of heaven standing on His right hand and on His left.

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**Who acts:** king, ye, I, LORD, host · **What happens:** say, hear, see, sit, stand, word · **To what, where:** word, LORD, throne, right hand · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 2 Chronicles 18:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, ye, I, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2CH:386
# text = And he said: 'Therefore hear ye the word of the LORD: I saw the LORD sitting upon His throne, and all the host of heaven standing on His right hand and on His left.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	_
6	Therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
8	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	nsubj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	xcomp	_	_
20	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	throne	throne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	27	det:predet	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
30	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	27	acl	_	_
31	on	on	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
33	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
36	on	on	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	left	left	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	conj	_	_
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=decl, act=assert, polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | king |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **hear** | infinitive | ye | the word of the LORD |  |  |  | therefore *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus |
| 3 | **see** | past | I | the LORD |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **sit** | gerund | the LORD *not said here* |  |  | king's throne |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon throne=Location |
| 5 | **stand** | gerund | all host of heaven *not said here* |  |  | king's right hand and king's left |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on hand=Location |
| 6 | **word** |  |  | the LORD |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לָכֵ֖ן שִׁמְע֣וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֑ה רָאִ֤יתִי אֶת־יְהוָה֙ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב עַל־כִּסְא֔וֹ וְכָל־צְבָ֤א הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ עֹֽמְדִ֔ים עַל־יְמִינ֖וֹ וּשְׂמֹאלֽוֹ׃

[2 Chronicles 18:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.18.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2CH:386` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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