---
title: 2 Chronicles 20:18 (JPS 1917) — And Jehoshaphat bowed his head with his face to the ground; and all… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Jehoshaphat bowed his head with his face to the ground; and all Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem fell down before the LORD, worshipping the LORD. Who acts: Jehoshaphat, Judah. 2 Chronicles 20:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Chronicles 20:18 · JPS 1917

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And Jehoshaphat bowed his head with his face to the ground; and all Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem fell down before the LORD, worshipping the LORD.

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**Who acts:** Jehoshaphat, Judah · **What happens:** bow, fall down, worship · **To what, where:** head, ground, LORD

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This is 2 Chronicles 20:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jehoshaphat, Judah), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2CH:436
# text = And Jehoshaphat bowed his head with his face to the ground; and all Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem fell down before the LORD, worshipping the LORD.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Jehoshaphat	Jehoshaphat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bowed	bow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
14	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	det:predet	_	_
15	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
22	down	down	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
23	before	before	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	worshipping	worship	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	advcl	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bow** | past | Jehoshaphat | Jehoshaphat's head | the ground |  |  | with Jehoshaphat's face | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent head=Topic to ground=Recipient |
| 2 | **fall down** | past | all Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem |  |  |  | before the LORD | down *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme before lord=Location |
| 3 | **worship** | gerund | all Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem *not said here* | the LORD |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lord=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּקֹּ֧ד יְהוֹשָׁפָ֛ט אַפַּ֖יִם אָ֑רְצָה וְכָל־יְהוּדָ֞ה וְיֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם נָֽפְלוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֖ת לַיהוָֽה׃

[2 Chronicles 20:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.20.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2CH:436` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [2 Chronicles 20:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.435/)
- next →: [2 Chronicles 20:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.437/)
- ↑ back to [2 Chronicles 20:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.20.18/)