---
title: 2 Chronicles 20:31 (JPS 1917) — And Jehoshaphat reigned over Judah; he was thirty and five years old… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Jehoshaphat reigned over Judah; he was thirty and five years old when he began to reign; and he reigned twenty and five years in Jerusalem; and his mother's name was Azubah the daughter of Shilhi. Who acts: Jehoshaphat, name, mother. 2 Chronicles 20:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and th
---

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# 2 Chronicles 20:31 · JPS 1917

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And Jehoshaphat reigned over Judah; he was thirty and five years old when he began to reign; and he reigned twenty and five years in Jerusalem; and his mother's name was Azubah the daughter of Shilhi.

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**Who acts:** Jehoshaphat, name, mother · **What happens:** reign, be, begin, name · **To what, where:** Judah, Jerusalem, Azubah

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This is 2 Chronicles 20:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jehoshaphat, name, mother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2CH:449
# text = And Jehoshaphat reigned over Judah; he was thirty and five years old when he began to reign; and he reigned twenty and five years in Jerusalem; and his mother's name was Azubah the daughter of Shilhi.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Jehoshaphat	Jehoshaphat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reigned	reign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
9	thirty	thirty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	conj	_	_
12	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl:unmarked	_	_
13	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
14	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	16	mark	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	reign	reign	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	reigned	reign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
23	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	26	nummod	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	23	conj	_	_
26	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl:unmarked	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
31	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod:poss	_	_
33	's	's	PART	POS	_	32	case	_	_
34	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nsubj	_	_
35	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	cop	_	_
36	Azubah	Azubah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	appos	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	Shilhi	Shilhi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	_
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reign** | past | Jehoshaphat |  |  | Judah |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | Jehoshaphat |  |  |  | year | old *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **begin** | past | Jehoshaphat |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **reign** | to-infinitive | Jehoshaphat *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **reign** | past | Jehoshaphat |  |  | Jerusalem | year |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **is a** | past | Jehoshaphat's mother's name | Azubah |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **name** |  | Jehoshaphat's mother |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּמְלֹ֥ךְ יְהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט עַל־יְהוּדָ֑ה בֶּן־שְׁלֹשִׁים֩ וְחָמֵ֨שׁ שָׁנָ֜ה בְּמָלְכ֗וֹ וְעֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְחָמֵ֤שׁ שָׁנָה֙ מָלַ֣ךְ בִּֽירוּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ עֲזוּבָ֖ה בַּת־שִׁלְחִֽי׃

[2 Chronicles 20:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.20.31/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2CH:449` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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